Gr. H. F. Nuttall 
167 
Records which do not mention the stage, but state something 
regarding the conditions affecting the lice. 
Conditions 
Longevity 
Authority * 
In earth and sand 
2-3 days 
Hase 6 
In vitro ... 
2-3 days, mostly 
Fiebiger 16 
At “room temperature” 
2-3 days 
Galewsky 16 
“In open dishes,” Russia 
3—4 ,, 
Report, x. 1915, p. 53 
“In the cold” ... 
4 days at most 
Sikora 12 
In moist sand ... 
4 days ... 
Hase 6 
In vitro ... 
3-5 days 
Muller 9 
Beneath 1 ft of dry earth or sandf ... 
4 days ... 
Noeller, 1915, abstr. 
On single shirts in tins or paper parcels 
5 „ 
Peacock 11 
After removal from patient in Algeria 
6 „ 
Sergent and Foley 17 
Expt 1. On straw for 3 men infested with 
44-7 days 
Peacock 11 
535 lice; 3 men slept thereon, after 4£ 
days, on 3 successive nights, after which 
they harboured 18, 4 and 7 lice each 
Expt 2. As before, except that 1000 lice were 
54—7. 
,, 
used and the men slept on straw after 54 
days. Lice found: 2, 2, and 0, on 3 
succeeding nights 
Expt 3. On 3 palliasses infested respectively 
8 days ... 
99 
with 325, 500, and 500 lice 
On soil in tin ... 
7-8 days 
99 
On shirts stored in bulk 
8 days ... 
99 
Kept “cool” 
-8 „ . 
Hocht and Halber- 
kann 18 
In clothing 
6-10 days 
Muller 9 
* To avoid repetition, the references are arranged by numbers and given at the end of 
this section p. 170. 
t Noeller is reported as stating that the lice came up through 12 inches of earth or 
sand. 
Furthermore, without stating any particulars, Bisset (1914, p. 114) in India, records a 
longevity of 5-6 days; Ragg (1915, p. 172) gives 6 days, and Prowazek (1915, p. 67) gives 
2-4 days. Zucker (1915, p. 294) makes the absurd statement that gorged lice may live 
for weeks in soldiers’ knapsacks. 
( b ) Ccvpitis. 
Without specifying the conditions under which the lice were kept, 
Galli-Valerio 5 states that head-lice at 30° C. lived 1-2 days, at 20° for 
2-5 days, at 1-2° for 4-5 days, at 0-5° for 4 days. 
The following records relate to experiments of mine carried out with 
larvae and adults (Lot 210) that had emerged within the previous 
24 hours in a wristlet, where they had fed moderately; they starved 
subsequently. 
