PT. 3. ] 
W. Blanford, Poona to Nat/pur. 
61 
of the scarp a fine section of traps is exposed, and the following beds are seen in descending 
order. The thicknesses given are merely approximate:— 
1 . 
2 . 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6 . 
7. 
8 . 
Compact basaltic trap weathering into ronnded bonlders, and divided 
by numerous irregular jointing planes of a yellow brown colour; 
thickness considerable; upper surface not seen 
Soft ashy purplish amygdaloidal trap, about 
Hard crystalline compact basaltic trap, with but little jointing, con¬ 
taining agate and quartz in parts; this bed is softer and less com¬ 
pact, about ... ... ... ... 
Soft grey amygdaloid, containing horizontal layers of agate, and 
kernels of agate and of stilbite or keulandite. Some kernels also 
contain a black micaceous mineral; none of the kernels are sur¬ 
rounded by green earth. This bed has a thin layer of red bole 
on the top: about 
Very amygdaloidal soft grey trap, half composed of small nodules 
of agate and zeolite all covered with green earth; surface of bed 
irregular ... 
Thin parting of red bole ... ... ... ... 3" or 
Amygdaloid similar to 5, but containing fewer nodules, and these also 
covered with green earth 
20 ' 
50' 
15' 
20' to 30' 
4" to 1' 
10' to 15' 
Purplish very amygdaloidal bed. Kernels covered with green earth. 
The rock mixed here and there with large patches of felspar porphyry p 
Prom below this the section is less distinct, all the beds to the bottom of the Ghat, being 
much decomposed at the surface : the majority are amygdaloid®—felspar porphyry (basaltic 
trap with large tabular crystals of glassy felspar) occurring in places. The beds appear thin 
where seen along the hill side, generally 10 to 15 feet each. The upper hard bed appears 
to have pi-eserved the hills and given them their flat top. 
Por some distance below the Ghat while traversing the gently undulating plain of the 
Godavery much trap appears at the surface; beyond that distance black soil alone is seen 
in general, the trap only cropping out in rises here and there. This is the case throughout 
as far as the Godavery. The cotton soils appear greyish on the higher parts of the country, 
darker in the hollows, and they are much mixed with sand and salts in the neighbourhood 
of the river. 
On the banks of the Godavery near the villages of Moonghce and Pyton, there is a 
considerable thickness of brown clay above, generally abounding in kunkur, and evidently a 
river deposit. Below this is gravel, chiefly of fragments of agate and of a zeolite (apparently 
natrolite). In places this gravel is united liy a calcareous cement into a concrete. The 
upper kunkuriferous clay is frequently obliquely laminated, the lamina) dipping, as a rule, 
though not invariably, down the stream. Trap rarely appears below Moonghce; above that 
village, between it and Pyton, it is seen in several places. The concrete sometimes, hut 
rarely, occurs in the tributary streams. 
Mammalian remains in gravels, 8,'c .—In the concrete and gravel mammalian bones are 
met with, and hence, doubtless, the specimen of Elephas (Namadin/s) mentioned by 
Dr. Falconer (Quart. Joiun., Geol. Soc., Bond., Vol. XXI, p. 381, November, 1865) was 
obtained.* 
Mr. Wynne found near Moonghce a fragment of some large bone, and, in situ, a chipped 
agate flake, the latter possibly of human origin. I found, in situ, a molar of Bus, and on 
the river sand, one or two other teeth probably -washed out of the gravel. Bones appeared 
to he scarce just here, however. Shales frequently occur near the top of the gravel, and 
perhaps in the base of the clay; they were not observed below, but in this neighbourhood 
very few sections of the gravel are exposed. 
* The history of this specimen is not detailed by Dr. Falconer. The cranium was found by General (at that time 
Major) Twemlow, then stationed at An run gab ad, who took it to England. This must have been 30 years asro at 
least. The same officer found mammalian bones in large quantities near Hingolee. ‘ ^ 
