PT. 2.] 
Wynne. Surat Cottectorate. 
SI 
structure. The alluvium in the river banks is here only about 15 feet thick. Conglo- 
meritic and calcareous beds are seen occasionally from this to Kuthoora near Keemchokey, 
where one of the latter contains several shells, portions of spines, &c. Calcareous beds occur 
again in the Keem river, about 3 miles above Keemchokey. 
Near Turkeesaur is a considerable exposure of light buff and gray nummulitic 
limestone and agate conglomerate. A low range of hills rises near this town and stretches 
southwards to the Taptee; they are formed of ferruginous or lateritic beds intercalated 
between agate conglomerates, and having a low dip to the west, they pass beneath the 
limestone just mentioned, which, however, is traceable along their flank and re-appears in the 
Taptee river at the end of the range, being let down by a fault to a lower level, but preserv¬ 
ing its westerly dip, and seen to be overlaid again by another band of laterite. 
From this eastwards the country, which now becomes hilly, forming part of the 
Rajpeepla group, is all occupied by the traps, amygdaloids, &c., already described in 
general terms and possessing no variety except a curious pale flaggy band which extends 
from near Ooskir toMonjelao. The Taptee river at Bhodan and above it for many 
miles exposes the traps which are seen to have a very general but low and undulating dip 
to the west, and to be intersected by numerous dykes of dark green-gray porphyry and solid 
trap. From Gulla to Palree the rocks of the nummulitic series overlying those 
of the Turkeesaur neighbourhood are seen in the banks of the river; they consist of fine 
gravelly conglomerates, calcareous beds, and fine smooth pale gray mudstones. The latter 
were not found to be fossiliferous, but the others contain many bones, fossilized timber, 
univalve and bivalve shells, tire teeth of sharks, and plates of the carapace of turtles. 
The finest locality for fossils, however, is in the limestone let down by the fault, near 
a ruined village on the north bank of the Taptee, about 3 miles east of Gulla. 
In the neighbourhood of Surat city the country is covered with the fine brown 
alluvium, which extends all over this part of the district and eastwards for many miles beyond 
Mota along the valley of the Taptee. 
An isolated hill, rising to a height of about 100 feet from the alluvium 4 miles north- 
north-east of Mota, is formed of compact and brecciated laterite of very similar character to 
that occurring east of Gulla; its beds appear to undulate nearly horizontally. A small quarry 
in the east side of the hill exposes a soft purple and white mottled rock like a decomposed 
and lateritified amygdaloid, in which occur sub-angular lumps of red haematite. 
More red lateritic beds occur interstratified with the traps in the river due south of 
Mota and below Bordolee. Eastward of this the cormtry rises and undulates, and the 
usual kinds of gray traps and amygdaloid are seen along the streams and protruding from the 
surface of the ground. 
The Pooma river exposes the traps at Muhoowa, and above and below this place they 
are of the usual kinds with some reddish beds, and the last seen as the river enters the 
alluvium near ICohureea are associated with red lateritic beds. 
In the Umbeeka river which flows from Wulwarra past Gundavee the traps are 
also exposed, and likewise a quantity of recent conglomerate. This river affords a good 
example of the character of all the streams in this country, the banks wide apart formed some¬ 
times of alluvial cliffs and sometimes sloping into the stream, the bed of which is often rocky, 
and in the dry weather contains but a rivulet, here trickling among the stones and again 
forming still deep pools. Several instances of the manner in which the traps yield to the 
abrading forces occur, amongst which alternations of hard and soft beds (as at Nagthera 
near Poonea), frequently present most varied outlines. 
North of Gundavee at a hend in the Pooma river there is a quantity of red lateritic 
rock, which from its peculiar prismatic jointing assumes a columnar appearance when viewed 
in one. direction. It seems to dip to the north at 15°, and a few yards above it in this 
direction with a similar dip are some red shales and a band of loose conglomerate or coarse 
sandstone a foot thick which probably belongs to the upper series. Unfortunately very little 
of these rocks is seen projecting from the alluvium, but although the want of a good 'section 
is felt, there is little douht that the boundary of the two groups passes near the place and 
perhaps includes the lateritic rock in the Nummulitic series. 
At a little more than 100 yards north of this spot parts of the skulls and several bones 
of two human skeletons were found exposed in the alluvial cliff on the left bank of the river, 
