4 
Records of the Geological Survey of India. 
[vol. ix. 
About the Gawilghnr range on the north there is a constant dip at low angles in that 
direction, the lower part of the range being chiefly composed of amygdaloid and soft traps ; 
and hard basaltic beds occurring in greatest quantity among the higher parts of the hills, 
where such bands may be seen to course along the sides of cliffs and mountains for several 
miles ; a capping of the harder trap remaining here and there on top of an isolated peak or 
hill, while lower elevations around have less angular and more flowing outlines, being formed 
of the softer varieties of tbe trap. 
Occasionally along the base of this range, the beds have been thrown into wide curves 
with very gentle inclinations, tlieir axes dipping but slightly to the northward. 
Intertrappean beds are said to occur among the Gawilghnr hills; they were only detected 
in one place, and consisted of hard chert enclosing numerous shells : hut though near, this is 
not properly speaking within the Poorna valley. 
Perhaps the most interesting geological feature of this country is the occuiTenee of a 
great fault, with a down-throw to the south, which may he very considerable, as it shifts the 
trap downwards for some two or three hundred feet visible, added to an unknown thickness 
of the trap which is buried by it, so that trap, of what exact horizon cannot he stated, is 
brought, against the underlying Mahadeva or Bagh (Tanda)* sandstones. This fault crosses 
the country in an east and west direction, close to the foot of the Gawilghnr range north of 
EUichpoor, where the abrupt southern scarp of the range shows these sandstones, occupying 
the interiors of open curves in the trap like those just now mentioned. The difference of 
inclination between the sandstone and the traps is but slight, so that their unconformity is, as 
usual, not very strongly apparent, though it nevertheless exists ; the line of contact where the 
overlying traps rest upon the sandstone, is frequently difficult to see when close by it, though 
from a distance the difference of coloring and the bold projections of the sandstone outcrop 
mark it well. The sandstones are chiefly soft or coarse white and even-grained rock, which 
would doubtless make a good building stone. A large mass of these occurs in the lower 
portion of the group exposed; above them are conglomerates, other sandstones of similar kind, 
purple and black shales and flag-stones, variegated and white flagstones and shales, and then 
solid gray limestone with silicious or cherty nodules of peculiarly rugged aspect; these lime¬ 
stones in some places becoming so variegated as to form what if polished would doubtless be 
a handsome marble. 
In this group of Mahadeva or Bagh beds dips to the north of 10° and 15°, with others 
more nearly horizontal, may be sometimes seen; these becoming less as the sandstones finally 
disappear beneath the Gawilghnr traps to the north of the, cantonments of EUichpoor. In 
the river at Nurrlia, north-east of the latter place, the section is somewhat unusual. The 
ground here seems to have been intensely faulted, and instead of leaving the trap and passing 
over the fault on to sandstone at the base of the hills, trap is again found north ot the 
general line of fault; then occur several large dykes of another intrusive trap different from 
that usually met with, between which arc masses of the limestone, sometimes resting upon 
a conglomerate, and tilted in various directions at angles of 35° and 50.° Beyond this 
disturbed locality the next rock seen is sandstone, horizontal for some distance but soon 
overlaid and covered up from view by the unconfoimahle trap. 
In the flaggy portion of the Mahadeva or Bagh group, impressions of large plants 
have been observed, and in the shales and some of the limestones numerous small univalve 
shells. 
Fossils were known to have occurred north of EUichpoor, as mentioned by Dr. Bradley. 
These sandstones were known to tbe late Kev. Mr. Ilislop, but seem to have been erroneously 
considered inter-trappean. Lithologically they frequently recalled the appearance of the 
sub-trappeau cretaceous rocks of Bagh-Tanda and Rajpoor along the H utnoe river, &e., 
in the valley of the Nerbudda, and it was a disappointment not to find the same, or the 
same quantity of fossiliferous evidence here, the beds in both places being possibly, or 
probably, of the same age. 
Laterite occurs on the new road from EUichpoor to Oomrawutteeat a place called 
Bulgaon or Burgow, about six miles from the latter city. It is more properly a lateritic 
conglomerate of small pebbles cemented together by iron oxides. It lies horizontally, and has 
Bagh-Tanda is the name generally used by people when speaking of Bagh at a distance therefrom. 
