PART 3.] 
i,'r-ology of KhIj'Ii, Western India. 
57 
Along the line of junction with the underlying Bedded Traps their uppermost layer is 
very commonly a greenish amygdaloid, also more or less generally concretionary, rusty or 
decomposed looking ; instances occurring in which the concretions of the mottled rock have 
been found to exhibit an apparent passage towards their centres from one variety to the 
other, the cores being formed of rusty amygdaloid quite similar to that beneath. In other 
cases the lowest stratum of the mottled series or uppermost one of the trap is a pale green¬ 
ish earthy trappean looking rock, not quite so concretionary as usual, with much of the 
external character of the mottled breccia, but containing yellowish green steatitic amygdala. 
Where these sub-tertiary beds rest on the Jurassic rocks the peculiar brecciated white bed is 
seldom strongly developed, but still is frequently present. 
This breecia passes upwards within greater or less distance, as the bed is thick or thin, 
into gnarled and ponderous laterite of various red, black, brown and purple tints, either brec¬ 
ciated or of the brick-like character so well known elsewhere.* Its junction with the white 
rock below often shows rough stalaetitie looking masses of the laterite vertically penetrating 
the lower bed all along the line of contact as if intiltrated from above. In the same group 
are other bauds of laterite and some very coarse obliquely laminated white quartzose and 
ferruginous sandstone containing much of the white earth distinguishing the lower layer. 
Associated with those, hut not always upon the same horizon exactly, are dull purple, brown 
and black, in some places highly carbonaceous, gypseous or pyritous shales containing 
numerous impressions of large and small exogenous and endogenous leaves. These occur also 
in fine flaggy pale lavender or white beds of the same group, but of uncertain place. 
Apparently among gypseous reddish shales of this group a thin band was found to 
contain Fasciola.ria, Area, Nucula, Cyprina and Venus, which are not, however, in such a 
state of preservation as to warrant more than an opinion at present that they may he of 
either cretaceous or eocene age, while some bones of large reptiles, including part of a skull, 
have been found in very similar shales and on what seems to he very nearly the same 
horizon. 
Close above these some brown flaggy sandstones containing a few shark’s teeth and shells 
and occasional beds of earthy orange mudstone begin to appear, and indicate the approach to 
others abounding in tertiary fossils. 
The thickness of this group (the ‘ Bed—? New Bed-sandstone’ of Grant) varies much, from 
a mere hand consisting of a few beds or only one, to a maximum, in some places, of between 
two and three hundred feet. Until the fossils have been examined, it is obviously difficult to 
say how much of this group may he of Tertiary age, if indeed it he not entirely so. It 
forms a marked basement to that series however, aud where it rests upon the Jurassics without 
the intervening trap, its junction very commonly appears quite conformable, the line, however, 
being almost impossible to see when the gypseous shales of the one group overlie those of the 
other. 
Tebtiaet formation. 
As the Tertiary rocks are still undergoing examination, they can be hut slightly noticed 
here, although they form a large and important feature in the geology of Kutoh. 
Their principal development takes place in the southern half of the western side of 
the district, where they form wide rolling plains under which the beds undulate, wrapping 
round the western termination of the Jurassic and Trap formations, and appearing at intervals 
along the southern shore of the Bunn, on the margin of at least one of its islands, and 
at a few spots in the eastern portion of the province. 
They consist, as a mass, of rubbly shake interstratified with yellow mudstone bands, 
and thick beds of sand or sandstone. Occasionally the rocks become sufficiently calcareous 
to be called limestone, and most of those containing fossils are highly so—an agglomeration 
of shell-oasts in an earthy or sandy calcareous matrix. 
Among the lower beds oysters and turritella are particularly numerous, whole beds 
being formed of the latter, and a flat echinus ( clypeaster), being very common. 
* At some localities in Eastern Knteh the laterite is associated with quantities of Agates both in situ and left 
in a thick layer by its weathering down, strongly recalling the appearance of some very similar ground 
similarly situated near the base of the tertiary rocks in Ouzerat. 
