[vol. u. 
Records of the Geological Survey of India. 
be easy in a limited space to discriminate the clay in question from the ordinary alluvial 
clay of the valley. Where, however, freely exposed, it presents much the appearance of a 
regur, save in color, which is a pale yellowish-gray, quite devoid of any tinge of red which 
the alluvial clay generally possesses, and equally so of the dusky carbonaceous hue of a 
regur. From some peculiarity in its composition or hygrometric qualities it in dry weather 
opens out in great cracks, and is always covered with a sparse crop of stunted grass in 
separate tufts, and a tree jungle of a peculiar aspect from the dwarfed character of the 
trees composing it, present among which are the Toukkian (TermiruiUa flut or o carp a), Te, 
(Diospgros. sp.), and the “ S b abiu” of the Burmese (PhyllaniJms emblica)* The country 
around Laidi comprising the doab between the Fade and M yo-hla streams is composed of this 
el ay with sparing remnants here and there of the upper sands. It is largely exposed, too, in 
the broad valley about Lepalak (Let-pan-hla) and between that village and Chonk-soung 
(“stone fang ). Towards the mouth of the Myo-hla stream near Tonkkian-daing, 
(H toil k-kyun-doing,) this day forms the open country and is dug for making pottery. 
It might here be readily mistaken for the alluvial clay of the valle} 7 , hut for the occurrence here 
and there strewed over it of small pieces of silieified wood derived from the denuded sands which 
once covered it. I lie thickness of this bed I cannot estimate, hut I should not place it 
under 40 feet; how much more cannot he determined. 
( c )\ Below the hist described clay, a group of beds occurs of rather varied character, 
resembling, to some extent, the beds both above and below it. It contains, though sparingly, 
the same description of fossil wood as the sands at the top of the group, and some of its 
beds present characters very similar to portions of those beds; whilst towards its base, it 
appears to pass insensibly into the lower group characterised by marine fossils. It is, 
however, generally very devoid of organic remains, though, as a convenient lower horizon to 
it, I have taken a sandstone which is generally recognisable where the junction is clear, by 
a few organic remains not very well preserved, among which a coral (Cladocora) is most 
characteristic, which we may regard as the highest member of the lower group. 
A section of these beds is seen in the Kini-choung (Kyeenceclf) above Mogoung, 
which may he taken as illustrating their general character, and some portions so resemble the 
ossiferous sands and gravels of the upper beds that I searched confidently, though in vain, 
among them for like fossils. 
(descending). 
Pebbly sandstone ... ... ... ... seen, about ... 50 0 
Pale silty shale ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 3 g 
Very false-bedded pebbly sandstone ... ... ... jg g 
Harsh sandstone, rather irregular ... ... ... "II 0 1 
Compact yellowish silt witli a central band of kidney-sbaped nodules *1 to 2 feet 
in diameter ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2 0 
Gravelly sand ... ... g g 
Yellow pebbly sandstone ... ... ... ... '.’I 3 g 
Pebbly conglomerate, loose and gravelly... ... (a few feet). 
74 9 
Tliis section, though not a thick one, will illustrate the general character of the upper 
portion of this division (c). The silty shale much resembles the shale in division b, whilst 
the sands equally recall the uppermost sands, (a.) Close on the horizon of the above section 
* The clay above described and the satidy beds of the same croup, respectively, offer good instances of the 
connection of particular soils with particular kinds of vegetation. So generally does this hold good in Pegu that in 
some instanees it affords a good empirical criterion of the geological formation beuenth. In the area of the fossil- 
wood sands, the most prominent tree .is the ting (DipUrocarpwt and this tree so commonly affects a 
sandy soil that the Burmese rail such soils, whether within the limits of the fossil-wood sand proper or the zone of 
detritai accumulations skirting tin? hills, “ Eugdaing,” or the tract of tile Eng tree, and though, of course, Eng trees 
are found on other descriptions ol' soil, yet. it is on this sandy belt that the Eng flourishes most vigorously from 
probably being there less competed with by other trees, well fitted as it for a sandy soil. The “ Tltiya” fShorca 
obtom, Wall.) the ‘‘Kauyin’' (JJipleroaarpm <ilata, Wall,) and the “ Eugviu" fUopeu mava, Wall,) equally affect the 
sandy “ Eugdaing," though nut in sufficient numbers to characterize the forest. On the other hand, these trees 
abhor the etay described above and are most, miserably dwarfed on it. The Toukkian {Ttr.niimlia- imcrocarpaj, 
though dwarfed, seems to answer best on this clay, hut from some cause or other it, does not, seem favorable to vegetation. 
I think this must he due rather to its hygrometric properties, than to any injurious ingredient in it, and that if 
artificially irrigated, it would give better promise to the cultivator than the densely wooded sands to which it oflers 
so unpleasant a contrast. 
Bamboos are not usually much developed on the Eugdaing, and a striking demarcation is not unfrequently 
seen where the Eugdaing meets the boundary of the older bods on which bamboos flourish with great, luxuriance. 
The Burmese are fully alive to this fact, and if an enquiry is made regarding a village, say, if it stand within the 
Kngdaing, will answer it, negatively, “it is among the bamboos,” an expression quite equivalent in their minds to 
saving it i a , c .jt on the Eugdaing where bamboos are rare and never are the characteristic vegetation. 
