34 
Records of the Geological Sum eg of India. 
[vol. nt. 
Another variety ot' the gneiss occurs at the base of the scarp, at the western eud, from 
Deogurh to Lad era, and also in the hillocks near the latter place. The differences between 
the two varieties are strongly marked; this second variety is far less decomposed than the 
former; the hillocks by Ladera are formed of large blocks of it, some as much as 20 feet 
across. Foliation cannot be traced, and the felspar in it is white. Many sections of the 
junction between the two varieties are exposed in the scarp, in all of which the boundary 
between the two is well defined, the particular characters of each being as strongly marked 
at the junction as at some distance from it. 
Quartz veins. —The strike of moat of the quartz veins which traverse the gneiss is 
north 30° to 40* east, but I have met with one or two with a strike of north 10° to 20° west. 
These veins often run into the Par scarp at a height equal to the height of the scarp. Near 
the town of Par one of these veins can he traced for some distance through the quartzite; 
on either side of the vein the quartzite contains the debris of the quartz vein. 
The Gwalior Series. 
This series of rocks, named after the city of Gwalior, which is built on it, occupies but 
a small area in this district; the greatest length along the strike of the rocks being about 
50 miles and breadth about 15 miles. 
The series is composed of a variety of rocks consisting of quartzite, sandstone, limestone, 
jasper, and contemporaneous trap. The strike of the rocks is east and west, and the dip 
towards the north seldom at a higher angle than 3°. 
I shall divide the series into two groups, viz.,— 
The Par Group and the Mo ear Group. 
The first, the lower in the series, consists principally of a quartzite sandstone and some 
shales; the second includes by far the greater thickness of rocks; but iu this group, there 
is no bed sufficiently strongly marked or continuous along the strike to be used for the pur¬ 
pose of sub-dividing the group. 
Par quartzite .—The Par quartzite rests directly on the gneiss; and occupies the top of 
the escarpment extending from a little west of Par east to the Sindh river. 
That the quai-tzite was deposited upon a very irregularly denuded surface of the gneiss 
can be seen where the quartz veins peuetrate the scarp, as atGoojurra. The gneiss on 
either side of the vein had been denuded considerably below the general level, and ou the 
east side to a lower level than on the west. 
In the scarp behind Par one of these quartz veins can be traced nearly a mile through 
the quartzite. The vein south of the scarp runs about iiorth-20°-east, and at the top 
along this line the vein is sometimes seen in the quartzite aud at others is covered by it. 
For several yards, on either side of this line, the quartzite encloses large pebbles of quartz 
evidently derived from this vein. 
A few inches of the base of the quartzite is conglomeritie, being formed of rolled pebbles 
about the size of a pea, enclosed in a matrix of red decomposed felspar; above this it 
becomes very fine in texture, of a greyish color and regularly and thinly bedded. 
Thickness .—The thickness of tho Par quartzite varies considerably. In some places, 
as ou the top of the scarp behind Par, there are only a few feet of it between the gneiss and 
the Morar group, but whenever a section of the quartzite is exposed some distance north 
of the scarp, a l’ar greater thickness is seen. In the Badbanp gorge, situated between three 
and four miles north from the edge of the scarp, there is nearly 150 feet of the quartzites 
exposed. 
Shales .—At the east eud, about a mile north of the main scarp, there is a second scaip. 
about 100 feet high, formed of about <10 feet of green and red earthy, slightly micaceous 
sh lies at base, capped by about 60 feet of quartzite. These shales do not, appear to the 
west, hut are overlapped by the quartzites in that direction. 
At the top of this group there is locally a very peculiar rock. Its greatest thickness 
r not more than six feet. It is best seen near Bara. East of this it is occasionally met 
