68 
Records of the Geological Surrey of India. 
[vol. v. 
The Talchirs are peculiar in occupying only the northern part of the field about Kum- 
paid, in the basin of whose main stream they are well seen forming good wide spreads of fine 
dirty yellowish green-grey (doe-skin-glove colored) mud sandstones. There are no signs of 
volcanic associations here, as is the caso on the Pangady Vagu; nor is there any well- 
developed boulder bed. Here and there are occasional large pebbles or small assemblages of 
such; and in one spot in the bed of the stream from Mankai-um, &c., which is joined by the 
Rumpaid stream, there is a huge block (now broken in half) of from 10 to 15 feet in 
diameter of Vindhyan quartzite, which seems to be still almost in situ. 
The Talchirs are distinctly overlapped by the next higher or coal-bearing series, and to 
such an extent both here and in the valley of the Godavery, that the two series would 
appear to be separated by a greater interval than mere unconformity of overlap would indi¬ 
cate. Otherwise, it is extremely difficult to my mind to account for such widely separated 
patches of a formation which always exhibits great uniformity of color and materials. 
In the present field, I was not fortunate enough to find a section showing contact 
between the two series, but in my notes referring to the Pangady field the fact of unconfor¬ 
mity is there stated. In that section, though a small one, the bottom sands of the Baeakars 
are lying on bluntly-bevilled edges of mud sands of the Talchirs : the difference of angle 
being very little it is true, but there is still a difference. 
It is to be remembered that the worn edges of the Talchirs (even now soft and 
friable mud-sands) would very likely, prior to the deposition of the Baeakars, not be sharp 
and well defined, but rounded and somewhat fringed down; and the angle of dip not being 
much different from that, of the newer rocks, their felspathic sandstones would, in general, 
lie over the sandy mud-stones more in the style of oblique lamination; and this is really 
somewhat the manner of the Pangady Vagu section, though there is, as I have written, the 
difference in lie of the beds themselves. 
The Dahudas and Kamthis are of the usual kinds, viz. :—coarse and fine felspathic 
sandstones, the Kamthis being coarser, more open textured, more ferruginous, and perhaps 
more gravelly. It is difficult, in the absence of any fossil evidence and favorable sections to 
draw any well defined boundary between these two seines, though in general l’acios they are 
as distinct as possible, while at the same time they appear to be very distinct in age. It 
seemed to me that the passage between the two is marked by a set of thinner and somewhat 
closer-grained and compacter-brown sandstones coated on the surface with brown peroxide 
of iron, and that these are the lower beds of the Kamthis. On such a view, I have entered 
the two series in the accompanying map. 
The hill station already referred to is of Kamthis; though, on the eastern side, and for 
some distance on the north and south, the base of the hill is of Crystallines. On the 
western side, ono descends from coarse sandstones having a dip of about 10° west by north 
gradually to what are unmistakeable Baeakars, but whether these are continuous right 
under the hill between the Kamthis and Gneiss, it is as yet impossible to say owing to the 
talus of debris all round. 
From the hill there is a general easy undulation of Barakar sandstones nearly to the 
crossing of the Yellindallapad Vagu by the path from Singareny to the latter village; but 
just to the east of this path there are some low ridges of the compact ferruginous sandstones, 
which I take to be lower Kamthis. These are lying in a set of narrow undulations with a 
north—south strike; and at the crossing of the stream or vagu they are dipping east-south¬ 
east at from 20° to 30°. 
The stratigraphic relations between the Kamthis and DamOdas in this part of the 
country are also indicative of the latter being distinctly overlapped by the former; and that 
