82 
Records of the Geological Surrey of India. 
[vol. v. 
with serpentine, is situated between the Thanni and Muday streams, at almost the extremity 
of the axial area. It is steeply scarped on three sides, but is accessible on the north-north¬ 
east by a steep spur. From the summit a fine view is obtained of the ground intervening 
between it and the main Yomah range, but which being intersected by no considerable 
stream, totally uninhabited and covered with virgin forest, is quite impossible to explore; 
and it is not till the western side of the Arakan range and the Akyab district comes 
under survey that more details of the Axial group can be looked for; and even then the 
difficulties presented by the wild, forest-clad and uninhabited nature of the country in 
question will for many years act as a complete bar to anything like a full and satis¬ 
factory examination of the ground. It is beyond the aim of my present note to enter 
on tho relations, as far as known, of the Axial group to the westward, and I will content 
myself with a brief recapitulation of tho main points now established. 
1*#.—The Axial group extends down into Pegu, a distance of about forty-seven miles 
from the frontier; tbe boundary on the eastern or Pegu side of the Arakan range being a 
faulted one, having a strong upthrow to the west, whereby the upper Axials are brought into 
contact with the Nummulitic group. 
2nd .—There is no evidence that any portion of this group passes south of the Thanni 
Choung, though the precise boundary between the lower Axials and the “ Hill-rocks ” or 
altered Nummulitics is obscure and at present only provisionally determined. 
ore /.—On the western side of the range, a great thickness of beds intervenes between 
the Axial group and the Nummulitics, amongst which the presence of cretaceous rocks is 
shown by the occurrence of Ammonites rostratus, Sow., near Maie. These cretaceous strata 
certainly extend as far south as Ivaintali, but being in tbe province of Arakan, have only 
received a very cursory examination. 
Mag, 1872. 
Sketch of the Geology of the Bomeay Presidency, by William T. Blanfokd, 
P. (1. 8., Deputy Superintendent, Geological Surrey of India. 
The Bombay Presidency consists geologically, as well as physically, of two parts. The 
north-western of these consists of Sind, Kaehh and Gujrat; the south-western comprises the 
Maratha country. Roughly the river Narbada (Nerbudda) may be said to divide tbe two 
regions. A part of the distinction is climatic, the north-eastern division being, to a great 
extent, beyond tbe area of the periodical monsoon rains, but. the essential differences are due 
to the very dissimilar geological formations of which the two regions consist. 
The geology of the Maratha country is for tho most part of the simplest kind, by far 
the greater portion of the surface being composed of nearly horizontal strata of basalt 
and similar rocks. Hence the peculiar features of the country, the extensive plateaus, tho 
long hog-backed hills, the terraces on tlieir sides, and the black precipices which in so many 
places almost cut off communication with the low ground. Hence also the fertility of the 
soil which covers the country, and its adaptation to the growth of cereals, pulse, and cotton ; 
and to the same cause may be attributed the thinness and stunted growth of the forests 
except in a few favoured localities. 
The rocks of the Bouibay-Deccan are precisely similar to those of neighbouring portions of 
the Indian peninsula.* India proper in its geology stands as strikingly aloof from neighbouring 
portions of Asia as it does in its ethnology and zoology. But the rocks of Gujrat, Kaehh and 
Sind, are only partially represented in the Indian peninsula, and must rather bo considered as 
* By India I mean the country of the Hindu races. To call Burma, the Malay peninsula, Siam and Cochin 
China, and, still worse, Java, Sumatra, and Borneo, India appears to me a scientific blunder. The countries have no 
geographical, geological, ethnological, nor zoological connection with India proper. 
