Records of the Geological Survey of Lidia. 
[vol. v. 
84 
to make brief reference to strata found in adjoining districts. In proceeding to give a 
brief description of these various formations and of their distribution in the Bombay 
Presidency, I shall, as is customary and most convenient, commence with the oldest. 
I.—METAMORPHIC AND SUBMETAMORPHIC SERIES. 
1. Metamorphic rocks. —Under this heading are classed together all the crystalline 
formations, granite, syenite, diorite, Sfc., gneiss, hornblende-schist, mica-schist, quartzite, 
crystalline limestone, Sfc., whether laminated or not. It is possible that veins of granite, 
syenite, and diorite may exist of later date than the metamorphism of the gneiss, hut none have 
been met with as yet of which the later origin can be proved ; and the majority of such veins 
are clearly contemporaneous with the metamorphic action, whilst throughout India wher¬ 
ever extensive areas of granite have been examined with care, the rock has been found to 
pass gradually into gneiss or schist on its edges, or here and there throughout the tract of 
country composed of it. The only exceptions to the rule of the apparent contemporaneity 
of the granite and gneiss are in the granitic masses found associated with submetamorphic 
rocks in places. But the relations of these submetamorphic rocks themselves to the gneiss 
and its associates arc far from clear. 
Veins and irregular masses of greenstone (diorite) ai'o similarly found passing into hom- 
blendic gneiss. There are, however, in places trap dykes of later age contemporaneous with 
the Deccan traps or other outbursts ; but many of the dykes which intersect the crystalline 
rocks are evidently of very old date, because they do not penetrate the supeijaccnt strata. 
It is quite possible that several series of rocks of widely differing ages are included in the 
metamorphic formations of India, and Mr. H. B. Medlicott has pointed out some facts in favor 
of such a division amongst the crystalline rooks of Bengal* But until these have been traced 
out more completely than has hitherto been practicable, it is necessary to class all together. 
Metamorphic rocks cover a much smaller area in the Bombay Presidency than they do 
in most other parts of India. None are known to occur in Sind or Kackh, but north of the 
IJan of Kackh, they are seen at Nagar Parkar, and thence stretch to the eastward towards 
mount Abu which is.composed of them. They occupy a large tract in northern Kattiawar, 
including Girnar hill, which is their southern limit; they are also found close to Palitana and 
in the neighbourhood of Gogo, but the detailed geology of this country and of the regious 
to the north is very imperfectly known. East of the great alluvial flat which extends north¬ 
ward from the Gulf of Khumbayat (Cambay) metamorphic rocks of a highly granitic 
character occupy the country about Idar, and occur throughout a considerable tract around 
Godoa and Ckota Udcpiir in the Rewa Kanta, but they are covered up by sandstone and 
trap to the south, and nowhere in this direction reach the river Narbada, whilst east of 
Baroda, near Ckampamr, they are replaced by the other rocks to he presently, described. 
From the Narbada to the southward metamorphic formations are unknownf within the 
limits of the Bombay Presidency until the southernmost districts are reached, in which 
they again appear, and they occupy nearly the whole western portion of the Indian 
peninsula from this limit to Cape Comorin. On the coast they emerge from beneath the 
higher formations just north of Malwan, and nearly the whole of Sawantwadi, the Goa 
territory, and North ivauara is composed oi them, their surface being frequently concealed 
by thick deposits of laterite. In the high table-land east of the ghats, the southern part 
of Belgium, the south-eastern corner of Kaladghi, and nearly the whole of Dharwar consists 
of these formations. 
* Records, Geological Survey of India, Vol. II, p. 40. 
f In Greenough’s geological map of India granite is represented as occurring in three places in the trap area 
of the Deccan. These places are close to Elura (Aurangabad), Satara, and Kolhapfir respectively. It appears 
doubtful whether these granitic inliers really exist. There is one small patch close to Phonda in the Konkan, 
twenty-five miles south-west of Kolhapur, but this is far from the position indicated by Greenough. 
