PART 3.] 
Blanfonl: Geology of Bombay Presidency. 
95 
Kim and Tapti. The island is small and flat, and the rocks being horizontal, very little is 
seen of them; the most characteristic bed is a coarse conglomerate containing blocks of fine 
sandstone'and agate pebbles. With these are intermixed large masses of fossil wood and 
bones of various mammals, some of which have been identified with those of Sivalik species. 
Amongst the remains found here are Mastodon latidens, Sus, Dinotherhm, Bramatlierium, 
and Camelopardalis. These mammals show the age of the beds to he Miocene. 
Kattiawdr. —Ossiferous conglomerates like those of Perim are found also on the 
Kattiawar coast near Gogo, though hones appear to he less abundant than at Perim. The 
conglomerates rest upon thick blue clay. These beds extend as a very narrow belt along the 
Kattiawar coast to the neighbourhood of Gopnath. Here they are replaced to a great 
extent by mottled clays and coarse rubbly limestone, fossiliferous in places, upon which rests 
a fine-grained calcareous rock known as milliolite, which apparently marks a higher horizon 
and will be described amongst the later Tertiary beds. 
The rubbly limestone and clay is not fossiliferous near Gopnath, but becomes so farther 
to the west. From Safirabad to Patan it is concealed by milliolite; but still more to the west¬ 
ward it is exposed in places and abounds in Eocene fossils. 
Kachh. —The Nummulitic rocks and their associates are only found in the western part of 
Kachh, being overlapped by higher beds east of the neighbourhood of Mandavi. At their 
base, however, are some variegated clays and beds of laterite which have a much wider 
distribution. These beds are conspicuous from their brilliant contrasts of colours, red, purple, 
and white, many of them being highly ferruginous. They sometimes contain pebbles of 
agate, and upon them rest coarse sandstones and red, brown, and white shales with impressions 
of land plants. The thickness of this group varies from 20 feet to about 200, increasing 
towards the north and east. They appear in general to rest conformably on the traps, and it 
is possible that the lowest beds which have in places a very ashy appearance may have been 
formed before the termination of the volcanic action to which the subjacent traps were due. 
This at least is Mr. Wynne’s opinion, Nevertheless these clays and laterites locally, as at 
Mharr and near Lakhpat, overlap the whole of the traps and rest upon the underlying 
jurassic beds, a circumstance which appears rather opposed to their being really conformable 
to the traps. 
Upon these variegated clays, in the western part of Kachh, rest conformably fine 
laminated shales, containing plant remains in places, and pyritous and bituminous towards 
the base. The fossils both in these beds and in the variegated clays are chiefly leaves, endoge¬ 
nous and exogenous. As will be seen presently, these pyritous shales and richly coloured 
clays with plant fossils are well developed in Sind. 
The general section of the Nummulitic beds in Kachh above the plant beds is the 
following, as abridged from Messrs. Wynne and Fedden’s report 
Descending section. 
Ft. 
1. —Clays and shales occasionally sandy, with hard bands of 
slialy limestone or of marl, and a few sandy and 
conglomeritic beds. The upper portion highly fossili¬ 
ferous ... ... ... ... 800 to 1,200 
2. —Sandy shales, mottled white or ferruginous, irregularly 
bedded, with impressions of leaves ... ... 100 
Dun-coloured and blue silty clays and shales, with 
minute crabs ... ... ... ... 30 
3. —Nummulitic marls and limestones—Fossils numerous ... 700 
4. —Gypseous shales and marls, with foraminifera, oysters, &c. 100 
