PART 4.] 
King: Godavari Coal Measures. 
113 
courses numerous sand-filled gaps between outcrops of rock which may be scoured out 
differently every season and may thus show coal which we have missed *. 
The absence of shale, as noticed by Mr. Blauford, is not necessarily of material conse¬ 
quence, as local experience shows, for no shales are exposed in either the Singareny, or 
Pungady Yagu (Kauiarum, Nizam’s dominions) fields, the coal seams in both cases being 
sharply interstratified with sandstones. 
This being, up to the present, the only known locality in the Madras Presidency Proper 
of sandstones belonging to the Indian coal-bearing rocks, it possesses more interest than 
it possibly deserves from the small extent of the field and absence of any absolute indica¬ 
tions of coal. On this account, as well as because it may be found advisable to try the field 
by boring, the following short details are given. 
The field of these Beddadanol beds is about 5J square miles in extent, being situated on 
the head waters of a large feeder of the Yerra Kalwa, with the village, or rather few huts, of 
Beddadanol in its midst. It is some thirty-eight miles west-north-west of Kajamahindri, and 
about four miles or so from the boundary of the Nizam’s dominions near Askwarowpetta. 
The nearest large village, Guunapawarum, lies a mile and half to the south. The area of 
sandstones is itself covered by thick tree-jungle and very thinly populated. 
The strata extend for some width on either side of the river; on the left there is a 
width of little more than a mile, with a length of something more than four miles, while 
the patch is narrower on the right, being about a mile wide in the middle and thinning olf 
to the north and south. The rocks are thick and thin bedded, coarse felspathio sandstones, 
rather friable, of white or pale grey and buff colors, weathering much darker. They occa¬ 
sionally exhibit ferruginous concretions on the weathered surface like the sandstones of 
the same group at Lingala oil the Godavari. Generally, the resemblance to the sandstones 
of the Singareny coal-field is most striking. The dip is, as a rule, south-west or westwards 
at low angles of 2°, 5°, 10°, and there are occasional undulations. 
In the small stream south of Beddadanol there is a tolerably continuous outcrop of 
sandstones, having a general dip of 2”—5° to south-west, with frequent easy rolls all down 
the bed until it debouches on the main stream. Very much the same kind of section is 
seen up the nullah north of the village, and again in a side sti’eam further north. In the 
main river there are frequent outcrops of these sandstones below the junction of the first 
feeder mentioned above, and away in the jungle on either bank: but the best outcrops are 
seen higher up at the watering place north-west of Beddadanol, and thence upwards along 
the river course. Here there is a good deal of sandstone displayed on either side of the 
stream in thick beds, having an easy dip to the west. These are overlaid by a more compact 
and hard brown bed which seems to mark the change upwards into Kamthi beds, as it is suc¬ 
ceeded by thinner yellow strata, and then by the red purple and brown beds so characteris¬ 
tic of that series in this part of the country. 
It is very difficult to estimate the thickness of the Barakars as developed in the area 
under notice, owing to the frequent rollings of the strata; but as far as could be made out 
on the three stream traverses of the Beddadanol side of the field, there must be at least 
300 feet without reckoning the strata on the other side of the river which are not at all 
so clearly seen. 
* As an instance of the rarity of exposure of coal seams, the case of the Singareny (See Rec. G. S. of I., vol. V., 
part 2) coal field may be cited, the seam haviug only become exposed by the merest accident of the water in the 
stream being so low. 
