58 
Records of the Geological Survey of India. 
[vol. VI. 
in every way, in their appearance, constitution, and mode of occurrence. There are plenty 
of outcrops of rock over this Singareny area where one might expect that seams of coal, 
if they existed, might appear at the surface; hut such is not the case ; there is only the one 
large “ pot-hole” hollowed out in the low ridge of sandstones in the bed of tho river with 
the seam of coal showing at the bottom. Nevertheless, since the borings have been put 
down by Mr. Heenan, not only has the first fouud seam been traced in other parts of the 
area, but three more have been struck, one above my seam and the others below. So that 
here we have a field with at least four seams of coal, the lowest found as yet being a very 
thick one, and having its strata so laid down that all these seams ought to crop out at the 
surface, whereas only one is just exposed. Outcrops of all the seams do probably exist; but, 
as would be likely, owing to the coal being cut into and washed out at these places by the 
weather and the Btreams, they are either now covered up by sand and debris gathered 
between the exposures of the harder beds, or are hidden by the settling down of superin¬ 
cumbent strata. 
5. This concealment, or washing out of coal outcrops, may equally exist in the Bedda- 
danole field, as, it is hardly necessary to state, there are numerous spaces in the nullahs 
between the exposed rock masses which are filled in with sand, tbongh, as a general rule, the 
sandstones aro very well and frequently exposed. Again, the lie or dip of the strata is very 
low, on tho average about 5° to the westward, and they undulate to some extent; while the 
general surface of the area occupied by the Bardkars is fiat; and thus the sandstones 
have not been deeply cut into by the streams, so as to show enough of the strata. 
6. There is, besides, a physical feature of this area which seems to hold out some hope 
that there may bo hidden coal. The field is traversed by a river of from 50 to 60 feet 
in width, which flows in the direction of, or with the strike of the strata, or along the 
outcrop, that is, nearly north and south, a course which, viewed with the rest of its route 
over the Kami Id area, is somewhat exceptional. This course of the river may be due in 
part to the existence of a band of softer strata occurring between the sandstones which 
show at rare intervals on either side of the river. Indeed, I think there can be no doubt 
that there is a band or seam of softer or more easily worn strata covered up by the sandy 
bed of the river; or we should have had rock cropping up at places in the channel. But 
boring alone will tell whether coal seams occur in this soft and denuded bed. 
(. The exposed area of Bardkars is, unfortunately, not extensive, being only about 5J 
square miles. It is covered up immediately on the western side of the field by the great 
series (Kamthis, of Blanford) of red and brown sandstones, in which there is no coal, con¬ 
stituting the upland country of Asharaopettah (Nizam’s dominions) and Jeelagoomilly, &c., 
(British territory) to the westward. There must, however, be a good spread, equal in area at 
least to that exposed, of the Bardkars hading down underneath the Kamthis. I am led 
to expect that this infra Ivamthi extension is larger than I originally thought, on account 
of the westerly dip and the great thickness (about 300 feet at least) immediately under the 
covering edge of the Kamthis. Also, as we may judge to some extent by the lie of these 
last towards Jeelagoomilly, there is a roll up again of the beds towards that village, thus 
forming a synclinal or depressed eurvo of the strata, indicative of an ancient valley, over 
part oi which the Beddadanole Bardkars were deposited. This same valley beneath the 
Kumthis appears to have opened out south-eastwards, leading to the inference that if the 
Bardkars do extend any distance underneath, they would lie down this valley, rather than 
up or across it, and so be still in the British territory. 
8. An indication of the possibly large extension of the Bardkars underneath the 
Kamthis is shown some miles to the north-west; for, as already stated, I have lately 
found what certainly appear to be Bardkars cropping out on the western edge of the great 
