Records of the Geological Same// of India. 
60 
[VOL. VI, 
several specimens of newly found minerals from the Mayo Mines, such as Glauberite and 
Ivieserite, varieties of pure potash salts, and others in combination with sulphates. 
Specimens of the cubical salt of Kalabagh, the alum shale, gypsum containing quartz- 
crystals, and gold sand from this latter locality, were also added to the collection with the 
help of Mr. Wright, Collector of the Salt Revenue, and Dr. Warth. 
At the same time efforts were made to obtain a block of trans-Indus salt from the mines 
of Bahadur Khel, which resulted in the addition of a 27-maund block of this salt to the 
collection forwarded by Captain Plowden, Assistant Commissioner at Kohat. 
These two large specimens show the marked difference of colour between the clear white 
or reddish salt of the Salt-Range and the gray or dark-coloured trans-Indus salt. 
It was during the progress of the Vienna collection at the Mayo Mines that the disco¬ 
very of the potash salts was made, attention being called to their situation in the mines by 
the hardness of part of a band of ‘ Kullur’ or impure salt, through which a drift was being 
excavated. On examination of this, the band of potash salts was found to be 6 feet thick, 
partly pure and partly mixed (sulphates, &c.); but its further extension could not be at the 
time ascertained owing to its situation, while there was little or nothing in the general 
appearance of the potash mineral to distinguish it from the ordinaiy salt. Specimens were 
immediately subjected to a preliminary analysis by Dr. Warth, but the crystallography of 
the new found salts was a subject unapproachable for want of proper instruments for mea¬ 
surement. It is hoped that some of the perishable crystals put up in glass bottles may have 
reached Vienna in a state lit for examination. 
The deposit will probably prove interesting, as the only one known witbin British posses¬ 
sions, and may become very valuable should the importation of these high priced salts into 
England from the Continent be interrupted. Dr. Warth suggests that it may eventually be 
found advantageous to work this deposit for the alum factories at Kalabagh, For shipment 
from India the transport of the salts would present no great difficulty by the wire-tramway 
from the mines to the banks of the Jhelam, and thence by water to Kotlee on the lower 
Indus or to Kurraehee. 
In carrying out the detailed examination of the Rawul Pindi district eastward of that 
station, the hills were found to exhibit the relations of the “ sandstone and clay” portion of 
the great outer tertiary belt, well known as the southern border formation of the geological 
system of the Himalayas. Here the lower, red, or Mnrree (or Subatbu), beds pass upwards by 
alternations of red clays or shales and gray sandstones (locally distinguished by the Punjab 
survey-party as the “ red and gray” scries) into softer gray sandstones with clays of a more 
orange colour, the highest beds being a thick group of incoherent conglomerate rocks, pre¬ 
viously known to exist on the Indus and at both ends of the Salt-Range proper, as well as in 
some other places. In the generality of cases this conglomerate group was found to present 
a gentle transition from the lower beds upwards ; the pebbles, chiclly of crystalline rocks, after 
their first appearance increasing in number and size till tlio whole rock becomes a mass of 
small boulders or large pebbles slightly held together by an inconsiderable calcareous matrix. 
The rock is seldom found hard enough to show its own outcrop, and presents the greatest 
difficulty in discovering clear sections, though hills formed of it possess in their undulating 
pebbly surfaces a characteristic by which the conglomerate can be recognised from long 
distances. 
Associated with this conglomerate group, and indeed throughout the whole of the 
arenaceous and argillaceous portion of the tertiary rocks of this country, are various beds, 
usually calcareous sandstone, conglomeratic sandstone, or a peculiar finely concretionary calca¬ 
reous and earth j or sandy rock of a gravelly pseudo-conglomeratic appearance, often containing 
