GS 
Records of the Geological Survey of India. 
[VOL. VI. 
of my visit, tlie principal of wliicli was Sadwingyee, the spring at which place is probably 
one of the most productive yet known in the region. The flow of water in the well was 
carefully measured by my fellow assistant, Mr. Fedden, and found to be 57'15 gallons per 
hour, or about 1,370 in the 24 hours. By a rough experiment the water was found to con¬ 
tain 4,704 grains of salt to the gallon, so that the quantity of salt daily yielded by this 
spring amounts to 020 lbs. avoirdupois, or 8 cwts. 24 lbs. 
“ Few springs probably yield so largely as Sadwingyee, but it was not found practicable 
to ascertain the quantity procurable from any other. The water is so salt that it can be 
evaporated at once without previous partial evaporation by the sun. It is boiled down in 
large iron pans, placed in twos or throes, over an earthen fire-place, the method being some¬ 
what similar to that employed in India for evaporating the juice of the sugarcane.” 
The pans mentioned in the above paragraph are shallow, extremely thin cast-iron pans, of 
English manufacture, of about 30 inches in diameter, and principally used in the preparation 
of the common ‘jaggery'or unrefined sugar from the juice of the ‘date,’ ‘fan,’ or other 
palms. Earthen pots are also used for concentrating the brine, of an oval shape, with sides 
nearly an inch in thickness, and capable of' holding between 3 and 4 gallons. In the delta, 
where salt is habitually made from sea-water, a somewhat different arrangement is adopted. 
A circular oven of brick is constructed, something like a large bee-hive, with holes at intervals 
to receive the oval earthen pots above described, to the number, perhaps, of as many as sixty 
in one oven, the ultimate concentration being, I believe, in the ordinary shallow iron pans, 
though this is probably a l'eeent innovation. 
The distribution of these springs is as follows:—Of 79 localities recorded in the accom¬ 
panying table, 21 are situated within the area occupied by the newer tertiary strata of the 
province, of mioeene age; 9 within the much narrower belt of country formed of unaltered, 
and comparatively slightly disturbed, numinulitic rocks; whilst most of the remaining 49 
localities form a conspicuous band along the outer hills, on the eastern side of the Arakan 
range, among altered rocks, grouped comprehensively under the term Negrais beds, of, in part 
possibly, numinulitic age likewise. 
No salt springs are known to me on the western side of the Arakan range, or on the 
eastern side of the Pegu range. The whole are, as far as is at present known, confined 
to the Irrawadi valley; though future exploration may possibly show that this remark 
only holds good within the area to which it more immediately relates. 
The most easterly springs are those of Kadeng-mah-ngo and Pyeng-mah-choung, 
fifty miles to the south of the former, distant, respectively, sixty-seven and seventy miles 
from the Arakan range, and thirteen and eleven from the Pegu range, measured at right 
angles to their general direction. Seven miles south of the Pyeng-mah-choung springs 
occurs the spring of Toung-ugo, rising on the same north by west line of strike, and being 
accompanied by a copious evolution of marsh-gas. The Toung-ngo spring rises on a line of 
disturbance, as shown by the crushed and indurated character of the sandstones in its vicinity, 
and the lessor frequency of springs along this most easterly lino of their occurrence may bo 
partly attributed to the greater thickness of the newer strata, which they would here require 
to pierce before reaching the surface ; and, partly, to their presence not having been so sed¬ 
ulously sought after by the natives, owing to the lesser demand for salt at such a distance from 
the river or lakes, yielding the great bulk of the fish from which the national gna-pee or 
fish-paste is prepared. Hlahndeng spring probably belongs to the same system, though 
situated a little off the direct line on which the others rise. 
The second line of springs is that of which Nummayahn is the most important, and 
runs in a direction north by west, distant, respectively, thirty-two and forty-six miles from 
