92 
Records of the Geological Survey of India. 
[VOL. VI. 
on a large scale within British territory. South of the Pakchan stream the richness 
of the tin washings derived from the degradation of a stanniferous granite, in which the 
tinstone occurs as one of the integral constituents of the rock, is well known, and reference 
may he made for information connected with this question to a report of Dr. Oldham, 
published in Selections from the Records of the Government of India, No. 10, page 56. 
But the fact of most interest as regards British Burmah is, that this stanniferous granite 
and its associated deposits of stanniferous gravel, stretches up as far north as the parallel of 
Tounghoo, east of which station on the eastern slopes of the Pounglong Range, the metal has 
from time immemorial been worked, by the Karen-ni, or Red Karen tribes within whose terri¬ 
tory it lies. Tin ore has long been known to occur in the streams discharging into the Henzai 
basin in Latitude 14° 40' and also at “ Chando near Palouk, about two days journey from 
the sea, halfway between Morgui and Tavoy” (vide Gleanings of Science, vol. I, page 143); 
but how far to the north of Tounghoo this stanniferous granite continues, is not known, though 
as likely as not for 500 miles or more. As the tin works above alluded to at Kamapew, are 
some 2 miles beyond British territory, it is veiy important that Mr. O’Riley has traced the 
ore across the range of hills into the drainago basin of the Sittoung ; and to Mr. O’Riley 
belongs the credit of having first drawn attention to the above fact. His words are 
as follow: “ Tin: of the existence of this metal within the area of this district, I was 
convinced from having ti'aced the stanniferous formations of the “ Ivaimapyu” which fall 
into the Salween, across the ranges of hills, whose drainage flows into the Sittang valley, and 
on forwarding to the Karens specimens and instructions, I was enabled to procure the 
specimens A. B.” Of course Mr. O’Riley may have been misinformed, and the specimens 
m question may in reality have come from the Eastern, Salween valley, side of the hills 
and not from the British or Sittoung side; but as Mr. O’Riley was fully aware of the 
importance of this point, I am prepared to believe his statement in this particular to be 
correct. Mr. O’Riley goes on to add: “ The specimen A exists in the hills north of the 
Youktkwah river, within the Tounghoo district, and the other, in the head waters of the 
main stream.” I myself received some corroborative testimony to the same effect, when 
examining some hot springs in the lower part of the Youkthwah river; but nothing is actually 
known of the precise locality where the ore exists, nor can be till some one is specially 
deputed to examine the question. Major Malcolm Lloyd, Deputy Commissioner of Tounghoo, 
has much interested himself with the resources of his district, and has furnished me with 
the following itinary from Tounghoo to Kay-mah-pew, from which the difficult nature of the 
intervening country may be inferred, since the actual distance from Tounghoo is probably not 
much over 45 miles. On the last inarch the British boundary is crossed about the fourth mile. 
Route from Tounghoo to Kay-mah-pew. 
Miles, 
Tounghoo to Khoung-nouk-kwa 
18 
Khoung-nouk.kwa to Paylawa 
8 
Paylawa to Bogallee 
8 
Bogallee to Nothedoe 
10 
Nothedoe to Mob way do 
10 
Mobwaydo to Ivoobo 
6 
Ivoobo to Kadowboe 
16 
Kadowboo to Kay-mah-pew 
.. 15 
91 
The current price of tin ore in Tounghoo used not to exceed, as I am informed by 
W. Usher, Esq., Rs. 185 the hundred viss (about 375 lbs.); but latterly the price has 
risen to Rs. 205 and even to Rs. 230 for choice lots, the same realizing Rs. 250 in Rangoon. 
As the carriage from the mines to Tounghoo is at present wholly by coolies, it seems desirable 
