40 
Records of the Geological Survey of India. 
[ VOL. III. 
The second gorge occurs a short distance east of the above. On the west side, a similar 
section to that just described is exposed. The gneiss falls to nearly the level of the plain, 
and the Kymore conglomerate increases proportionally in thickness, until, immediately 
south of the Par scarp, it is nearly a. hundred feet thick. 
In fact, the ground between the gorges, nearly half a mile, is occupied by a large 
outlier of the Kymores, at the southern end of which (about a mile from the Par scarp), 
the conglomerate is only a foot or so thick, but at the northern, there is a hundred feet of it 
abutting at base against the steep cliff of gneiss, and at the top against the edges of the 
horizontal Par quartzite, which at the top of the scarp it covers. 
Ladera .—The next case proving the existence of the Par scarp previous to the Vindhyan 
epoch is near Padera. It is situated just south of the Par scarp, about 21 miles west of 
the Doorsari gorge. Here the Kymores are seen at the level of the plain, and abutting 
against the scarp of gneiss and Par quartzite. It is also seen on the top of the scarp. 
The gorge in the scarp, just west of the narrow spit of sandstone, is also partially filled up 
with the Kymore sandstone. The bottom and west side of the gorge are of nearly horizontal 
Par quartzite, but the east side is formed of the Kymore sandstone. 
Western extension of Par scarp .—There is also some evidence that the Par scarp 
extended west of the Doorsari gorge, for at Sirsa, about three miles west, there is an 
outcrop of the Par quartzite, and the Kymore sandstone is seen at a lower level immediately 
to the south of it. 
Outlier of Vindhyans at. Bastari .—At Baatari there is a large outlier of the Kymores, 
stretching nearly across the southern valley. The hill is upwards of 100 feet high, com¬ 
posed of massive irregularly bedded horizontal sandstone. The base of the hill is covered 
by debris, so that the Kymore conglomerate is not exposed. Patches of the sandstone 
rest, uneonfonnably, on the ridges of the Gwaliors, both north and south of the valley. 
On the south side many of the steep lateral gorges running into the main valley are 
partially filled up with the Kymore sandstone and conglomerate. It is obvious that the 
southern valley and the lateral gorges must have been worn out before the Vindhyan 
epoch, as no amount of faulting could have brought the sandstone into these gorges. 
i. 
Section near Bastari: a —Kymore sandstone ; 6—Jasper beds of the Gwalior series; c— Par sandstone. 
Small outliers .—There are many other smaller outliers of the Kymore, partieularly 
near Jarga and Sohnsa. They mostly occupy the low ground, partially filling up gorges, 
or resting upon the sides of the hills of the Gwaliors, in all cases showing the extensive 
denudation of the latter previous to the deposition of the Kymores. 
The question ol' tin! age of the Vindhyan series has already been discussed by Mr. Mallet 
in his report (Mem. Geol. Suvv., India, Vof. VII, Pt. 1). 
Gwaliors .—The unconformity of the Gwalior seiies in our area to the gneiss on 
which they rest, as well as to the covering Vindhyans, is so great, that no conclusion can 
be drawn as to the exact place of the Gwalior series in the Indian series. 
Hindown ,—The only other place where the Gwalior series has been identified to a 
certainty is near Hindown, about HO miles north-west of Gwalior. The Gwaliors there form 
a ridge about, ten miles long, extending in a south-west and north-east direction. The beds 
are thrown up at. a high angle, seldom dipping less than 60° in a north-westerly direction. 
Only a few hundred feet of section is exposed. The ridge is entirely surrounded by the 
alluvium, and thus isolated from the other rocks of the neighbourhood. 
