[VOL. Ill. 
Records oj the Geological Surrey of India. 
Par Hill .—The principal iron mines are situated at Par kill, Mangor, and Santow. 
Nearly all tke workings are confined to the lower part of the Morar group, a,bout 100 feet 
above the Par quartzite.^ That ou Par hill, uot now worked, occurs in an outlier of the Morar 
group, forming a peak rising to the height of about 60 feet above the level of the edge of the 
scarp. 1 he lower part of the peak is composed of white clay beds with very regular variously 
coloured bands. The beds oi the upper part of the peak are highly ferruginous, the iron 
occurring in thin laminae in tke variegated clays. It is from these beds that tke iron is 
extracted. 
Mimgor .—Tke Mangor mines, about three miles north-north-east of Par kill. These 
workings are confined to a narrow valley running north and south and nearly half a mile 
long. On the east side they are bounded by a vertical cliff, the workings extend some 200 
yards west of this, but the greater part are close under, or only a few feet west of the cliff, 
i he richest seams are worked by small shafts some 20 or 40 feet deep; but on the west side of 
the valley iron is quarried from the sides of the low hills. The section in the shafts is very 
similar to that on Par hill, and the iron occurs in similar fine lamina; ill the clays. 
In the quarries, on the high ground, on the west side of the valley, the iron is extracted 
from beds above those on Par hill. These beds, although greatly decomposed, resemble the 
lower beds of the Morar group ; the structure is the same, and they enclose concretions simi¬ 
lar to those which occur in the Morar group ; but here the jasper and flint, &c., forming the 
concretions are decomposed into red and white ochroous clays. Both east and west of this 
valley, the clay beds pass into the undecomposed beds of the Moral- group. 
Santow. The workings at Santow are also confined to a narrow space. They are 
bounded on the north bv a large quartz vein, and the principal workings are close to this. 
I he richest beds are reached by small shafts about: 50 to 00 feet deep, from which small 
galleries are extended. 
The beds from which the iron is extracted are the same as those worked at Mangor and 
Par; they are in a similar decomposed state, and pass both to the east and west into the 
jasper and hornstones of the series. 
Smaller miner .—Between Mangor and Santow, on the high ground, there are several 
workings, but most of them small; there is one place, however, near the curious old tree 
marked on map, where extensive excavations have been made. 
All these workings are on the same horizon as those of Par, Mangor, &c., and the 
iron is extracted from similar clay beds, which pass into the undecomposed jasper and 
hornstone rocks in all directions. 
fhe strata in all these mines are locally much contorted. In places there are vertical 
narrow strips ol the undecomposed rocks, running through the clay beds in all directions. 
These strips are generally from three to six feet wide, and stand up like a wall, sometimes 
ten feet high. They are mostly formed of thin lamina; of iron, and show sharp contortions, 
even in their small breadth. They are even harder and more silicious than the unaltered rocks 
on this horizon, as if the silica from the decomposed beds through which they pass had been 
secreted in these strips. Iron is not more abundant in the parts worked than in a great part 
ol the series, hotli on the same horizon and in other parts of the section. 
The lamina? of iron are as thick and numerous in the liorustone and jasper beds as in the 
clay beds derived froin them. Again, in the very highest part of the section, above the 
Morar trap near Kharia, the iron is quite as, if not more, abundant. The reason, that the 
places worked were selected, was on account of the local decomposition and softening of the 
rocks containing the iron. 
flie miners told mo that they sold the ore at the pit’s month at the rate of between 
GO and 70 nmunds for the rupee. 
Limestone. The limestone is quarried and burned, but not on an extensive scale, as the 
natives appear to prefer the kunkur to be found in the alluvium just west of Gwalior. 
Black shales. -Some small excavations were made in the black shales in the bottom of 
the well by the side of the trunk road west of Puniar, in the hopes of their leading to 
coal, but. of course, without success; the shales containing only a trace of carbonaceous matter. 
