Records of the Geological Survey of India. 
[vol. in. 
CO 
other locality known where the coal-measures are so much broken as in this field. In the 
section of the Sitariva, the general character of the disturbance is a normal anticlinal flexure, 
having moderate dips on the south, but rising to the vertical on the north side of the axis; 
the last rock seen next the superficial gravels of the plains being vertical beds of the coarse 
Mahadeva conglomerate. There are numerous minor contortions and dips that are not 
attempted to he represented in the figure. In an easterly direction from the river, the con¬ 
tortion dies out rapidly; the vertical seams of the northern outcrop flatten and bend southwards, 
passing round into continuation with the measures on the south of the flexure. The 
Talchirs are thus covered up at the surface ; and, on the other hand, the Mahadevas stretch 
continuously to the edge of the plains; at Puknhi they still have a low south-easterly dip, 
hut soon become quite horizontal. In a westerly direction the main feature of the dis¬ 
turbance seems to continue for some distance, as is shown by the steady south-south-east 
dip of the conglomerate along the base of the Nimugarh ridge; hut this regularity does 
not obtain along the axis of the flexure, as is shown l>y the few outcrops that are visible 
to the north of the ridge. At the west base of the outlying hill of trap near Mohpani, in 
about the position of the axis of the anticlinal, the coal-measure strata have a steady low 
easterly dip. This irregularity greatly complicates the attempt to search for such outlying 
masses of the coal-measures as may exist beneath the superficial gravels at the foot of 
the hills. 
Trap-rod",. —Trap-rock forms an important consideration in he valuation of this field. 
It occurs both in dykes and in overlying masses, but is all of the same description,—a dense 
basaltic rock; and, as far as present evidence goes, it may he all of the same age. There are 
three great dykes in the Sitariva: the first is at the very northern edge of the rock-section; 
it is about twenty yards wide, running through the Mahadeva conglomerate very nearly 
along the vertical bedding, with a strike of 5° south of west, and a slight southerly 
underlie. The second dyke is in the Talchirs, oblique to the bedding, some fifteen yards 
wide, with a strike to 20° north of west, and a slight southerly underlie. The third is 
also in the Talchirs, about twenty yards wide, running nearly due east and west, and with 
a very slight southerly underlie. Although all these are remarkably steady for the short 
length seen in the river hanks, they certainly do not continue so, as a rule, lor any distance. 
It is probable that No. 1 represents, or is even continuous with, the strong dyke that is 
found at or near the base of the hills to the eastwards; hut its course must he more or less 
tortuous. At three miles to the east, in the river's bank just above Dongarkho, there is a very 
pretty section showing how suddenly these trap dykes may stop out on the rise: at the 
water’s edge the dyke is some twenty yards wide, and all trap; at a height of fifteen feet there 
is hardly a trace of it to he found, the whole having split lip and rapidly thinned out 
between thick wedges of the overlying massive conglomerate. The dyke No, 3 presents another 
case of irregularity; if it continued the course which it has in the river, it must have appeared 
in the upper workings of the Narbada Company’s colliery; hut the coal there is totally 
unaffected by trap. Indeed, it is strange that where trap is so abundant none has been met 
with as yet in any of the pits, small though these are. There is no doubt, however, that this 
rock will yet prove troublesome in working the field. Where the coal-outcrop is exposed in 
the stream beyond the ridge north of the colliery, trap is in force close by, and must greatly 
affect the coal mere. 
There are three patches of overlying trap, apparently remnants of a once extensive 
spread. The detached hill half a mile to south-west of Mohpani is all trap; on the north 
and east this rock reaches down to the level of the plain ; on the south-east Talchir rocks 
are found close to the base ; and on the west side Barakar beds aro well exposed to a 
height of some fifty feet. The trap near Kaklaur and Pipurea scarcely appears above the 
general level of the plain. 
Connexion of the measures on (he north and south. —Notwithstanding some slight differ¬ 
ences in the details of the sections, and the very marked difference in the quality of the coal, 
there can be no doubt that the measures worked by the Sitariva Company in the vertical seams 
on the north are the same as the less troubled beds of the Narbada Company on the south. 
There are three or four seams at. the southern outcrop, and but two at the northern; and 
the associated beds do not exactly correspond in the two localities (there are some earthy 
beds above the coal on the north that are not found in the southern section) ; but these 
differences would come well within the known limits of variability of these deposits ; and 
the position of the measures in the general section, with respect to the Mahadevas above and 
the Talchirs below, is precisely the same in both localities. There is, besides, the direct 
evidence of continuity; the ground is too covered to show quite an unbroken section, but 
