80 
Records of the Geological Surrey of India. 
[vol. in. 
curving suddenly round the peak called Thob, at which place the north-westerly inclinations 
commence, that fix the steep character of all the northern side of the lofty ground. Round 
this peak of Thoh, too, as a centre the strongly marked strata of the Sivalik (tertiary) 
group are boldly curved so as to enfold those which form the hill; the former, all more or less 
on edge, being frequently so perfectly vertical that all trace of their outward dip is lost. 
At the north-eastern extremity of the lofty ground the dislocation of the rocks is 
accompanied lty violent contortion both of the Sivalik and older beds, its intensity diminish¬ 
ing considerably along the lower extension of the ridge to the north-east. 
Gold is said to be washed from the sand of the Boonhar river. Its source is probably 
among the Sivalik sandstones and conglomerates, formed of Himalayan detritus. The 
washing is carried on after rain. 
The summit of Mount Till a, though affording small space of at all level ground, will 
doubtless attract attention as a sanitarium within easy reach of the Military station of 
Jhelum. It commands a splendid view of the snowy Pir Punjal range; is said to he, 
and most probably is, much cooler than the plains, for wdien visited on an extremely hot 
April day. the temperature in the shade was very refreshing. 
A road in excellent repair, gave where it passes through the tertiary ravine-ground near 
Dariala, leads from Jhelum to the houses on the summit; and the hill, though by no 
means completely bare on top or on the northern slopes, is not crowded with jungle. 
The chief difficulty, as usual, would he a large and continuous supply of water. Exten¬ 
sive tanks exist, one of which is well placed, but lies rather low iu order to obtain a 
catchment basin. The disposition of the strata affords little encouragement to sink wells ; 
though the black, shaly zone might, he found retentive. Some springs there are, and others 
might he found, where the tertiary strata Cap the ridge, hut this is at a distance of from four 
to six miles, and a road would have to he made to them, so that probably the best method 
of increasing the supply would be by multiplying the number of tanks and making them as 
little liable to leakage as possible, one large structure of the kind on the north side of the hill 
having been found quite empty, owing, as was said, to this fact of its leaking. 
The Coi>per Deposits of Dhalghum and Singhbhum. 
The following papers on these copper deposits consist, of, 1st, abstracts of two papers by 
M. Emil Stu'hr, the accomplished mining geologist employed by the Company lormed to 
work the mines; one in the “ Vierteljahrschrift der Na.turlbrschenden Gesellschaft” in 
Zorich, Vol. V, p. 329, 1860; the other in the “Neues Jahrbuch fur Alin. Geo. u. Pal.” for 
1864; and, a recent report by Mr. V. Ball, of the Geological Survey. Scientific observ¬ 
ations iu connection with mining operations in India, are so rare that it is important to 
place the experience and the opinions of AI. Staff r on record in a form easily accessible to 
the Indian public. The works being abandoned, the mine-sections were not accessible to the 
Geological Surveyors. The localities mentioned by AI. Strnhr may be followed upon the map 
attached to the second paper. 
1.—The Copper AIines of Singhbiiuh, by AT. Emil Stiehh. 
1. General Geological features: Schists .—It is only in the south and west of the 
region under notice that granite and gneiss-granite appear, forming dome-shaped hillocks 
seldom more than 100 leot above the flat. The old rock-formations—meta morpliics—of Lyell 
behave very differently; they Conn a system of parallel ridges from west-north-west to 
east-south-east, ranging in elevation to 1,900 feet and under. The strike of the ridges is for 
the most part the same as that of the schists, except, in a few places to the east; up to 
Sideshor the strike varies from east-7°-sonth to east-30°-south; from there it is east 37°-to 
60°-south. The dip is constantly to northwards, at from 15° to 50,° mostly from 20° to 35°. 
This structure decides the form of the hills—steep on the south and sloping on the north. 
These schists present many varieties, scarcely any form of metamorphic rock is un¬ 
represented ; day-slate of the most various types, from soft day-slate to rooting slate, with 
quartzose varieties, or sometimes quartzites, forming the ridges; mica-, chlorite-, talc-, 
hornblende-, and quartz-schist with quartz-rock are the most prevalent. Occasionally gneiss 
is found, but without any continuity or constant position in the series. There is a peculiar 
rock composed of round grains of quartz in great number (often exceeding the matrix) in a base 
