46 Records of the Geological Survey of India. [vol. iv. 
In the north-west corner of this sandstone area there is a group of hills, of which one, 
Salwa hill, is about eight or nine hundred feet high. The arrangement of the beds in the 
main mass of the hill is difficult to determine, as the sides are thickly covered with detritus 
Ghaut# bu Phond^y 
Sketch Section of Salwa and adjoining hills in Southern Konkan. 
and jungle, but at the western base shales generally associated with this sandstone occur, 
dipping slightly to the west and passing under the trap at its boundary, whilst the summit 
of the hill is formed by a thick bed of sandstone pink in colour, and either horizontal or 
perhaps with a very slight dip westward. There are other high hills or spurs on the edge 
of the ghats formed of sandstone lying on metamorphics which are partially disclosed 
and capped by the same thick bed of sandstone, here dipping eastward, the two portions 
of the beds on the respective hills being apparently the remains of a low anticlinal axis. 
The parts of these beds which intervened have been swept away, possibly before the trap 
covered up the country. The first flows of trap poured into the hollow's between the hills, 
for at the boundary of this patch of sandstone the trap is generally found at their bases. 
As the successive flows of trap surrounded them, the highest ones remained probably as 
islands in a sea of trap. Finally they became covered up by some of the higher beds, which 
are now only seen in the scarped sides of the ghats a few miles eastward. As I have 
mentioned, this trap with the exception of one or two patches, has since been denuded. The 
effects of denudation on the trap west of Salwa hill are rather curious, for side by side with 
this hill, their bases almost touching, is another hill quite conical in shape, and formed 
entirely of successive beds of trap. The two are nearly equal in height and present a strong 
contrast to each other, the trap hill conical in shape and almost devoid of vegetation with 
the lines of flow of the trap showing black and strong, and the sandstone hill, long, flat-topped 
and thickly wooded. 
The country south of this patcli of sandstone is covered by a band of trap about ten 
miles wide. The lowest beds of this are approximately at the same elevation as the laterite 
plateau to the west under which they pass, but there are lofty spurs running out on them 
formed of higher beds. When the trap passes under the laterite, it no longer influences 
the aspect of the country which is now a slightly undulating plateau intersected by deep 
ravines, in which trap, sandstone, and often the older metamorphics, are disclosed. 
The southernmost boundary of the trap bears in a direction west by south along the 
north side of the valley formed by the Usya Mut (or Kimkaoli) river. From Ramgurh it 
bears more north-west, and is found down to the sea at Kunkeshwar just south of 
Deogurh. 
In the Usya Mut valley, which is the northern boundary of the Sawunt Waree state, 
the older metamorphics are disclosed, and from this southward the denudation of the country 
before the outpouring of the trap appears to have removed most of the sandstone, which 
conceals the older metamorphics almost entirely more to the north. The metamorphics only 
