!part *2. ] Blan/ord: Plant-bean ny mndetonee t>f Goduperg valley, Sfc. iy 
As the water comes from the mines, the principal apparent impurities are minute 
particles of coal-dust, and shale mechanically mixed with it, while it is certain that a 
portion, at least, of the iron will have been derived from the rusting- of the pumps, &c. But 
it will be seen that more than three-fourths of the whole consists of the carbonates of 
lime and of magnesia held in solution in the water. 
Note on the plant-bearing sandstones of the Godavery valley, on the south¬ 
ern EXTENSION OF ROCKS BELONGING TO THE KaMTHI GROUP TO THE NEIGHBOUR¬ 
HOOD op Elloke AND Ua.J A MAN DR I, AND on the possible occurrence of coal 
in the same direction, by William T. Blanford, Deputy Superintendent, 
Geological Survey, India. 
Recent explorations in the Godavery valley below Sironeha, and in parts of the adjoin¬ 
ing country, have enabled me to ascertain that a very large area is occupied by represent¬ 
atives of the various formations which have been described in Bengal and the Central Pro¬ 
vinces under the names of Panchet, Damuda, and Talehir. The occurrence of sandstone 
in the bed of the Godavery and along its banks throughout a large portion of the river’s 
course below Sironeha was, I believe, first made known by Mr. Wall in the Madras Journal 
of Literature and Science, New Series, Yol. II. It now appears that sedimentary beds 
belonging to the Damuda group and its associates extend, apparently without a single 
break* from the neighbourhood of Mangli and Phi/.dura, 34- miles in a direct line north-north- 
west of Chanda, to Lingiila on the Godavery, just above the top of the first harrier and 14 miles 
above Duimgudiam, or throughout a distance of 200 miles. A break then occurs which 
exteuds along the river for about 25 miles. The sandstones re-appear at Raigudiam, about 
6 miles below Bhadrachallam, and thence continue along the south or right hank of the 
river with one brief interruption for about 15 miles, terminating a little below the village 
of Madavaram. These beds, as will presently he shown, extend far to the southwards. 
Metamorphic and Vindbyan rocks occupy the lied of the river at the second and third 
barriers and for some miles below them, the remaining portion of the Pranhita and Godavery 
are in the soft sandstones and the associated beds, and at both barriers a continuous belt of 
the later sedimentary formations on the right bank of the river, though at a distance from 
its course, unites the areas occupied by the same rocks in the river’s bed. 
Throughout the whole valley of the Pranhita and Godaveryf below the third barrier 
at the spot where the Wardlia and Wainganga unite to form the first named stream, the area 
occupied lay'- the plant-bearing sandstones on the left (north and east) bank of the river is but 
trifling, whilst from the right bank these beds extend for a great, but hitherto unascertained, 
distance into the little known tracts of the Nizam’s territories belonging to the Ramghir and 
Kamarmet Sircars, and perhaps into Warangal. 
In the same manner the sandstones below Bhadrachallam occupy an area not exceeding 
8 or 10 square miles north of the Godavery, while to the south they cover a tract of country 
25 miles in breadth from east to west near the river, and gradually becoming broader till 
it is at least 50 miles across. It exteuds from the Godavery near Bhadrachallam till it is lost, 
60 miles further to the south, beneath the coast alluvium in the neighbourhood of Ellore. 
To the south-east it stretches nearly to Rajamandri, extending to the banks of the Godavery 
* This cannot be Btated positively as yet, some portions of the ground not having been examined. But no 
break exists exceeding a very few miles in extent, 
t The valley of the Godavery proper above the junction of the Pranhita is geologically almost unknown. 
It is only certain that the greater portion consists of trap. 
