PART 3.] 
Blanford: Borings for Coal in Godavari Valley. 
61 
consequence of the tools being required to prove the coal discovered on the opposite side of 
the river. The section passed through was— 
Ft. In. 
1. —Brown sandstone ... ... ... ... ... 24 6 
2. —Shale and clay of various colours, mostly dark-grey ... ... 21 1 
fCoal and shale mixed ... ... ... ... ... 0 6 
^ I Dark-grey shale ... ... ... ... ... 0 7 
| Ditto ditto with fragments of coal ... ... ... 0 8 
V Ditto ditto ... ... ... . ... ... ... 18 9 
4. —White sandstone, conglomeratic in places, with thin beds of shale 
towards the base ... ... ... ... ... 53 9 
5. —Shale and clay with a little sandstone ... ... ... ... 37 2 
fCoal ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0 8 
6 ‘ (Black shale and coal ... ... ... ... ... 14 
7. —Dark-grey shale with a few fragments of coal in two places ... ... 26 1 
8. —White sandstone ... ... ... ... 8 4 
193 5 
I next arranged for a series of fourteen borings to explore the portions of the section not 
exposed in the river banks to the west of Madavaram between that village and Daniarcherla. 
These varied in depth from 6 to 200 feet, according to the extent of the breaks in the 
section, and the plan proposed was that all the smaller boreholes not exceeding 35 feet 
in depth, nine in number, should he made by jumpers with extra lengths of light rods to 
screw on. The remaining five boreholes alone would require the use of the heavier boring 
rods. In the ground opposite Madavaram no boreholes were put, because the breaks in the 
section are trifling, and the disturbance so great that there is reason to believe that a repeti¬ 
tion of beds takes place. 
To the west of Damarcherla one or two additional boreholes might have been required, 
hut a little beyond the village the beds turn up, dipping east, and then roll over again, and 
just beyond the small anticlinal, very unpromising conglomerates, perhaps belonging to a 
higher group, come in, in which there is no break of section which could conceal a coal seam. 
Two or three small jumper holes were put down to the east of Madavaram. 
Of the holes proposed six were carried out, viz., four jumper holes and two boreholes, 
when peremptory orders were received from the Government of India to discontinue all 
boring operations in the Nizam’s dominions. It is doubtful whether the boreholes in the 
bed of the river were in the Nizam’s dominions, but pending a reference to the Government 
of the Central Provinces, one set of boring tools was moved across the river into British 
territory in order to test some ground near the boundary of the field, and close to the base 
of the measures, on a horizon which did not appear to have been proved by the borings on 
the opposite bank. 
It should be stated that the borings, so far as they had been carried out on the right 
bank, bad shown the existence of sandstones and shales similar in every respect to those 
seen in the bank of the river, except that in two or three instances small fragments of coal, 
proving the existence of very thin seams, probably not exceeding two Or three inches in thick¬ 
ness, had been brought up by the borer. These little seams, although absolutely worthless in 
themselves, are of importance, as indicating that the mineral does occur in the beds, and 
that hopes may be entertained of larger seams being found. 
The place selected for a boring on the north or British hank of the Godavari was on 
the right or west bank of a stream called the Ganar, rather less than half a mile from the 
Godavari, and about the same distance east of the village of Tatpali, at a spot where some 
brown sandstone, dipping to the south, is seen on the bank of the watercourse. A little 
more sandstone of the same kind is seen up the stream to the north, and then metamorphics 
crop out, the latter appearing about 500 yards north of the spot selected for boring. For 
