62 
Records of the Geological Survey of India. 
[vol. IV. 
some distance east and west all is alluvium. It was hoped that a borehole at the spot 
selected would afford a section of the lowest Danuida beds ; lower than any passed through 
in the boring east of Madavaram. The borehole was commenced on the 12th April, and the 
section traversed was— 
(No. 1). Soil and gravel 
*1.—Brown and yellow sandstone 
f Shale, pale above, darker below 
J Coal 
i Do. mixed with shale 
2 . < 
i Dark carbonaceous shale 
I Coal 
(.Dark shale with 2 inches coal 
3.—White sandstone ... 
Ft. In. 
8 6 
25 6 
7 0 
3 0 
1 0 
5 0 
3 0 
6 0 
27 0 
86 0 
The higher 3 feet of coal appears to be of better quality than the lower; an analysis 
of the small fragments washed from the samples brought up from the borehole gave the 
following (average of three samples from three different levels)— 
Volatile ... ... ... ••• ••• 37'7 
Carbon ... ... ... ... ••• 42*7 
Ash ... ... ... ... ••• ••• 19'<5 
100-0 
The volatile portion comprised 10‘8 per cent, of water. This is by no means a good 
result, but still some use could be made of such coal, and it should be remembered that 
analyses of such samples as are obtained from borings are only approximations, although 
they are usually not far from the true composition. 
When I heard of the discovery of coal I was about forty miles from the spot. I marched 
to it at once, but before I reached it, Mr. Heppel, who was carrying on the borings, had 
commenced a second borehole on some sandstone in the bed of the Ganar stream below No. 1 
borehole at a distance from the first of 125 yards south-east by east. This (No. 2) gave the 
following remarkable section :— 
(No. 2). 1.—Yellow and brown sandstone ... 
'Shale, partly dark-grey, partly buff 
Coal 
Shale ... 
Coal 
Shale ... 
Coal 
Shale 
Coal 
Shale 
2. < Coal ... 
Shale ... 
Coal 
Shale ... 
Coal 
Shale ... 
Coal (shaly) 
Shale ... 
Coal 
l.Black shale 
3. —White sandstone ... 
Ft. In. 
28 0 
1 6 
2 0 
2 2 
0 6 
0 6 
1 4 
1 4 
1 0 
1 2 
1 8 
1 2 
1 
0 10 
1 0 
2 8 
1 9 
1 4 
0 8 
5 0 
3 2 
60 8 
* The numbers 1, 2, 3, before the several beds in the sections indicate those which are supposed to be repre¬ 
sentative of the same part of the series in each. 
