PART 4.] 
Blanford: Sandstones of the Godavari valley. 
107 
In the Paju river there are some fragments of coal brought from some seam or seams 
north of the high road, but none are exposed in its immediate vicinity. 
In the Dighi stream at Deogurh there is a seam of blue and black carbonaceous shales with 
5 inches of coal at the top. No better seam is exposed in the river for a mile to the south. 
In the Hurinara stream there are sandstones and some traces of coaly and carbonaceous 
shales. Between the valleys of Simra and Charatanga there are some ferruginous sandstones, 
possibly Barakars. Between Charatanga and the Kurket river there are Barakar sandstones, 
and the same are better seen in the bed of the river itself. The section examined in both 
directions north and south for about half a mile showed no signs of coal in situ, but fragments 
occur in the bed of the stream. 
The boundary of these rocks must cross the Kurket about midway between the villages 
of Kabo and Bagchapa.* 
Bagchapa itself is on gneiss, and about a mile to the south the boundary of the Vindhyans 
is marked by a low range of hills. 
Upper Sandstones. 
The manner in which, especially in the eastern portion of this field, the coal-bearing rocks 
have been covered by the upper sandstones has been already alluded to. The principal area 
of these rocks exists south of the strip of Barakars which are exposed at the drainage level 
by the rivers and streams. How far it extends southwards is not known, and the important 
economic question as to the extension of the coal measures underneath has still to be deter¬ 
mined. If it be found that the Bardkars crop out from beneath them and rest on 
the Sumbulpur Takhirs described by Mr. M edlicott, then the question will be solved, but if, as 
is possible, and in some degree probable, the upper sandstones lap over on to the Talchirs 
without any appearance of Barakars intervening, then the extension of the latter can only bo 
ascertained by borings. 
North of the Barakar sections the upper sandstones form large hills, sometimes resting on 
the former and sometimes resting immediately on the gneiss, as is particularly well seen in the 
valley north of Jhanjgir. The lithological characters of these rocks are very much the same 
as they were in the northern fields—highly ferruginous sandstones and grits, and red brown 
and ochreous clays sometimes with fragments of plants. The bedding is for the most part 
horizontal, and apparently does not partake of the rolling which characterises the underlying 
Barakars. 
Description of the sandstones in the neighbourhood of the first barrier on 
the Godavari, and in the country between the GodavarI and Ellore, by 
William T. Blanford, F. G. S., Deputy Superintendent, Geological Survey. 
A brief notice of the great sandstone tract in the valley of the Godavari and its tributaries 
has already been given in the Records of the Geological Survey of India for 1871, pages 49—52. 
The following pages furnish a somewhat more detailed account of the south-eastern portion 
of this area, extending from the junction of the Tal with the Godavari to the alluvium of 
Yelaur (Ellore) and Kajamahendri. 
The only portion of the country which has been closely examined is the area occupied 
by the Darnuda rocks, which are seen in the Godavari just below the junction of the Tal, 
and again about 30 miles lower down the river near the village of Deorpali and Ganara on 
the left bank, and of Amvavaram, Damaroherla, and Madavaram on the right. The remainder 
* As I had no map whatever of this country, I did not attempt any detailed examination. 
