■part 4.] Blanferd: Sandstones of the Godavari valley. Til 
The lowest, beds seen on the river bank west of' Narsapur are compact fine grained sand¬ 
stone dipping north-east and resting with pseudo conformity, as not unfrequently happens, on 
the metamorphics. South of Narsapur, and a little east of the river bank, close to a small nala, 
this fine sandstone has been quarried, to some extent for the navigation works at Dtimagudeni. 
It cuts well, but has been found to have a great tendency to split and crumble after exposure. 
East of Narsaptir the ordinary shales or mudstones prevail. Boulders, some of them 
of great size, abound on the road from Narsapur to Bandalgudem. One must have been 
nearly 10 feet in diameter. The larger blocks are metamorphic, but smaller pioces are of 
Vindhyan sandstone and limestone. 
From Tarbaka near Narsaptir to Raigudem, on the right bank of the Godavari, close to 
the mouth of the I’amaleru, four miles below Bha- 
Metamorphics near BhadriSchalam. drachalam, only metamorphic rocks are seen in the 
Godavari. In Maleobnson’s Map* Deccan overlying 
trap is represented as occupying a considerable area on both sides of the river close to Bha- 
draehalam. I have not been able to trace the source 
Trap on Maleolmson’s Map. of Malcolmson’s information, but it must have been 
founded on the large quantity of hornblendic gneiss 
occurring at Bhadrachalam and in the neighbourhood. Some of this is so compact as to 
become mineralogically a greenstone. 
The north or left bank of the Godavari is composed of metamorphic rocks until dose to 
the village of Deorpali, whilst the south or right 
Banks of Godivari below Bhadrachalam. bank consists of sandstone from Raigudem, the boun¬ 
dary between the two, which appears to be a fault, 
running along the cbamiel of the river. The hot spring at Gundala, temperature 140°, is con¬ 
cealed beneath the sand of the river, and a small well is 
Hot spring of Gundala. annually made in the sand in order to reach it. This 
is done at a feast in the month of April. The 
position of the spring is apparently a little north of the boundary between the metamoi’phics 
and the sandstone, but as very few rocks are seen, the exact position of this boundary is 
uncertain. 
From Deorpali sandstones occur, wherever any rocks are exposed, on both banks of the 
river, with one exception, as far as Nandigur on the 
Sandstones below Deorpali. left bank, and a little below Madavaram on the right. 
The exception is on the latter for about a mile and a 
half above the village of Polaram, where metamorpliics appear. Below Madavaram no 
sandstones are known to occur. 
The sandstones around Raigudem, Deorpali, Madavaram, &c., are part of the great area 
extending southwards to the neighbourhood of Ellore and Bajamahendn, which has been 
briefly described in the Records of the Geological Survey for 1871, p. 49. A lull detail of 
the boring operations is given in the same volume of the Records, p p. 59-66. 
In proceeding to describe the geological features of the sandstone area extending from 
Raigudem, Deorpali, and Madavaram on the north 
^Arrangement of notes on the sandstone a p U yi um 0 f Ellore, it will be most convenient 
first to give such notes as have been made on the 
small tract north of the river near Deorpali, next those on the isolated area to the south 
around Madavaram, and finally a brief account of the large extent of sandstone extending to 
the southward from Raigudem and Paluncha. 
* Geo!. Trans., Ser. 2, Vol. V, pi. XLVII. 
