Records of f/ie Geological Survey of India. 
[vol. TV. 
114 
shales. Near Shiruveli the dip becomes lower. In some clays just east of the village 
Glossopteris, Pecopteris, Vertebraria, and Catamites occur. 
Thence to Damarcherla the dip is moderate, about 5° to 10°, and the rocks fairly seen on 
the whole. They are much the same as to the eastward, fine felspatkic sandstone and fine 
clays predominating, with occasional hard massive bands of fine brown sandstone. At 
Damarcherla there is a little conglomerate and some hard ferruginous bands like those in the 
Kamthis. 
About half a mile, or rather less, west of Damarcherla, the beds roll up sharply, and there 
may be a fault here. They soon roll over again and consist of coarse felspathic sandstones, 
generally pink coloured or ferruginous, and conglomerates, but associated with hard compact 
grey felspathic sandstones. These rocks continue to beyond Polaram, metamorphics appearing 
at the mouth of the stream west of the village. 
A small rising ground in the metamorphics south of Polaram contains large quantities 
of magnetic iron ore in laminae with quartz. The 
Magnetic iron ore near Polaram. ore has evidentJy bBen largely dug 1Vom tkis Bpot 
iron manufacture. for smaU digging 8 ar e scattered over the ground. 
The iron ore shows very distinct polarity in its action 
on the needle. In a small village near this I found women making iron in a little furnace 
barely 7 2 feet high—a miniature of the Talckir furnace—worked by small foot bellows about 
1 foot in diameter. The furnace inside is only 6 inches in diameter at the base, 3 inches at 
the top. It is said by the people that two pieces of iron, each weighing It seer and valued 
at 4 annas, are made in a day 7 .* 
Sandstones near Pundigul and Amrava- 
Sandstone again comes in on the right bank of the river close to the abandoned village 
site of Pundigul. The actual junction of the two 
series is again concealed, but there can be little doubt 
of the boundary being natural. It runs to the south¬ 
ward into dense jungle, where its position is difficult to ascertain correctly on so imperfect 
a map ; the rocks being very poorly seen. 
In the right bank ol the Godavari, from just above the base at Pundigul to the village 
of Amravaram, a good section is exposed in which 
very few breaks occur. The general dip is west, 
varying in amount from about 7° to 12°. Towards 
the base yellowish-brown sandstone prevails, coarse and felspathic. Above this, to the 
north of the hill, there is much conglomerate, and thence to Amravaram sandstone again. 
No clay 7 or shale is seen, much less coal, but some coarse impure ironstone occurs. 
Sandstones near Araravdram. 
About the middle of the village"! the section ends, and only scattered outcrops, concealed 
beneath the river except in the driest season, occur in the bank of the river above. Just 
above the mouth of the stream, which enters the river above the village, fragments of coal 
occur on the river’s bank just below a conspicuous clump of green bushes ; some sandstone 
occurs in the bushes, and a boring might be put down through it. Above this, again, but one 
small outcrop of rock is seen, nearly in front of Thondipali, as far as Gumpanapali just below 
Rag-udem. Even near Mondipak (nearly opposite Gagubaka) only a few blocks of coarse sand¬ 
stone are exposed. Near the river bank the country is an alluvial flat, and farther inland 
a sandy rise covered with thick jungle, amongst which a few scattered blocks of coarse 
sandstone and conglomerate may occasionally 7 be seen. 
* 'The people were of Lohar caste, i. e., low caste Hindus. The Kois, who are Kolarians (though called Gonds 
by the Mussulmans ol the country), are said to make iron with foot bellows in a hole in the ground without auy 
furnace at all. 
■p This is placed too far east on the map, which is very inaccurate about here. 
