I'ART 1.] 
Annual Report for 1871. 
9 
western portions having been completed last season, the remainder has come under observa¬ 
tion now. It was hoped also that the small district of Bijooragooghur, now attached to 
and forming a portion of Jubbulpur, would have been completed also, but Mr. Hacket was 
laid up towards the dose of the season by several slight attacks of fever and its conse¬ 
quences, which prevented this. 
The (Bijawur) series extends in a north-east and south-west direction across the 
central portion of the district. At the north-eastern end, on the water shed between the 
Nerbudda and the Makanuddy rivers, they occupy nearly the entire surface, which intervenes 
between the Jubbulpur beds and the trap area to the south, and the Vindhyan rocks to the 
north. Here they form a considerable range of hills, the Bhitree hills, but towards the 
south-west in the Nerbudda valley, the section is less perfectly seen, and the rocks of the 
series are only seen in a few large hills isolated by the alluvium. West of Jubbulpur, 
with the exception of a fringe of rocks cropping out from under the trap on the south side 
of the valley, and of a few small hills on the northern side, the series is covered by the 
Nerbudda alluvium. The Bijawur series includes a great variety of rocks, of which the 
principal are slate, micaceous quartzites, limestone, ribboned jasper rocks, highly ferruginous 
and banded silicious rocks, micaceous schists, and igneous trappean rocks, both contempora¬ 
neous and intrusive. Cleavage abounds especially in the lower rocks, and often obliterates 
the dip; the cleavage heading east 15° to 20° north and underlying to the south at 60°. 
The whole series, notwithstanding very numerous local contortions, may be described as 
forming a shallow synclinal, the lowest group cropping out on the northern and southern 
sides and the higher group being best seen in the centre of the area. Four groups may be 
defined, though they pass gradually into each other. These in descending order are (1) the 
Chunderdeep group, called after the station of that name, and consisting of mica schists 
and limestones; (2) the Lora group, called after the Lora hills near Sehora, consisting of 
ribboned schists, in places highly ferruginous; (3) the Bhitree group, called after the 
Bhitree hills at the cast end of the district, consists in places of ribboned jasper, in places 
of quartzites with but little of this structure, and sometimes of schists, somewhat conglo¬ 
meratic ; and (4) the Mujhowlee group, well seen near the town of that name, consisting 
of slates, quartzites, and limestone. Although these are the lowest rocks seen, they do not, 
constitute the base of the series. 
It would be of little use to enter into detailed description of these rocks without a 
geological map, and we shall therefore confine our observation to a very few points only. 
There are not many trap dykes seen, although it is possible that many exist which are 
concealed. Where the rocks are clearly exposed, as at the Marble rocks, several occur, 
offering peculiar varieties. Of the economic products of the district the iron ores are the 
most valuable. They occur entirely in the Lora group (with the exception of a very small 
quantity obtained from the laterite of Bijooragooghur). The most important mines are at 
Joulee; others are at Gogra, &c.: from Joulee alone fifty loaded buffaloes, each carrying 
about 3 maunds of the ore, are said to be despatched daily. The ore is a rich micaceous iron 
with haematite. It yielded, on assay, 68'5 per cent, of iron. Mr. Olpherts, the resident 
engineer at Kutnee on the Jubbulpur line of railway, has leased these Joulee mines from 
Government, and has succeeded in bringing the haematite which occurs there into use as a 
paint-stufi. For this, on outdoor work and especially on. iron, it is admirably adapted. 
He has erected on the Kutnee river, near Moorwarra, three or four little native constructed 
water-wheels, which turn grindstones about three feet in diameter, made of the Rdwah 
sandstone. These grind the ore to an impalpable powder, after which it is dried and packed 
in cases. It sells retail for about £13 per ton. The excavations at Pullee are nearly 10(j 
