PABT 1.] 
Waagen: Rock* near Mnrree (Man), Punjab. 
17 
Starting from the Bazaar of Kaira-gully, by the baekroad which leads round the 
Chumba Peak to Ohungly-gully, one is able to observe in the first two miles of the road the 
following section:— 
(1, 2.) At the corner, where the road branches off from the village and descends on the 
slope of the mountain, are some Nummulitic shales and limestones, of grey and greenish 
color, dipping to the north, and here and there with layers full of a small species of 
Nummulite. The Nummulitic rocks continue for some hundred paces, frightfully contorted 
and dipping in several directions. At last 
(3.) A thin band of an entirely black, coaly clay-shale, about two feet in thickness, 
appears, indicating the base of the Numiuulitics. 
(4.) Below this a series of hard sandstones, brown on the surface, and bluish-grev 
inside, are observable along the roadside, intermixed with greyish shales, and here and there 
with a more calcareous band. The dip is uncertain and varied; often they are vertical. 
(5.) After these one meets grey limestones with intercalated grey slate layers, and 
bands full of fossils, among them Oslrea Haidinr/eri, another Oyster, and several other 
Pelecypods and Gastropods, in a very bad state of preservation. 
Going further along the path, the series is broken off, and, near the point A, a large 
fault must cut through the rocks, although this is not visible on the surface, everything being 
covered by debris. 
Beyond the point a new series begins. The first thing which appears are a few broken- 
down bands of sandstone. Then follow, nearly horizontally, 
(6) . Spiti shales, between sandstones of nearly the same description as No. 4, both 
on the top and at the base, the band at top being, however, very thin. The shales contain 
fossils, but they are very rare. Dr. Beveridge, R. A., also tells me that he found at this 
spot, some time ago, a few Ammonites. 
Above the upper sandstone follows 
(7) . A series of grey shales and nodular limestones, with many, hut very badly-pre¬ 
served, fossils. I collected here a little Avicula and some Oysters. Further on, from the 
road one can see very clearly that the whole of the Spiti shales and the other rocks have 
been overthrown, and that the lowest part of these shales, and the transition from them into 
the Trias, is here exposed. A little space is then covered with debris, and then typical 
Triassic rocks (= No. 5) are visible, thrown into a vertical position. With this the second 
series finishes, and the whole is again cat off by a large fault at the point marked B. 
The third group begins again with Spiti shales (below them occur Triassic rocks indistinct), 
which are here highly fossiliferous, and dip at a high angle to the north. Here I collected 
Oppelia aaucineta, Strachey, PerispMnctes frequens, Opp. conf., simplex. Sow., JBelemuitet 
Oerardi, Opp., Inoeeramus, CueuUaa, Pecten ; all common species of the ‘ Spiti shales.’ 
Above the shales are the sandstones, described at No. 4. well exposed and more than 100 
feet in thickness. They make a slight curve, showing a little bit of ‘ Spiti shales below, and 
then dip down at a high angle. Below on the slope of the mountain the shales are again 
visible, divided into two stages by a thick calcareous band; the thickness of the shales 
is here very considerable. 
This pai't of the section is obviously not overthrown. And, therefore, it is clear that 
the portion of the shales which has furnished the fossils is the uppermost or highest. 
Higher np in the next ‘khud,’ some more black shales are visible, but it remains dc-bt- 
ful whether they are not cut off by faults. 
