2(3 
Records of the Geological Survey of India. 
[ VOL. v. 
runs through the tank. A hill oast of Kri&hnavaram (probably Kistnavaram), and another 
further south, are of precisely similar grit to that of which the other hills to the northward 
are formed. The dip is very slight, if there be any. 
From this to Vaimstir, five miles further south, there is undulating country with a sandy 
soil, through which no rock appears. At Rajerla metamorphic rocks occur in a well, and there 
is a hill of crystalline rock just east of Vaimsur, but (partly from want of time for more 
careful examination) no boundary was traced from near Kistnavaram to Chintalpiidi. Near 
this town metamorpliics appear rather more than a mile to the south on the road to Ellore, 
whilst at the town itself sandstone is seen in several wells. It is felspathic, and the colour is 
variegated. Thence the boundary makes a curve to the eastward (not examined), and then 
runs with a rather irregular outline for about ten miles to the westward south of Chatrai. 
Country near Cliatrai and Nuzed. 
Around Chatrai (Chataroye of map) the metamorpliics are well seen, and to the south of 
this the boundaries of the sandstone are fairly exposed. 
There is but little jungle, and the country is mostly open. . 
The bottom beds of the sandstono series are admirably seen in several places, for they rise 
into low, flat topped hills, the base of which are sometimes of metamorphic rocks, upon 
which the sedimentary formations are seen resting. This is the case at Kamakapetta north of 
Nuzed (Noozudoo or Noozeid of the map) and at Kavackarla to the south. Here the lowest 
beds of the sandstone consist of white, pink and brown felspathic grits, and hard dark 
reddish-brown ferruginous bands, more or less gritty and conglomeritic. A little further 
north, as on the bill near Somavaram, and throughout the rises east and south of Nuzed, 
similar beds are associated with variegated felspathic sandstono, fine, white argillaceous 
sandstone, and red and yellow hard compact shale. All these beds are typically Kamthi in 
their character, perhaps they resemble the beds at Sironcka more than those of Chanda 
and Nagpur, but they differ greatly from the Damudas of Liiigala and Madavaram. 
The dips are generally low, often nearly or quite horizontal, as in the hills west of 
Sepudi. The hills are depicted on the map of absurd height. 
Sandstones near NUzed. . , . ,, , „ , 
judging from the lull shading ; m reality they are low, flat 
topped rises, rarely exceeding 100 feet above the plain. The form as represented is also fre¬ 
quently inaccurate in detail. 
That the beds are KarntMs, and not of higher horizon as Panchets, is shown by the 
occurrence of Glossopteris, some leaves of which wero found in sandstone dug from a well 
close to Somavaram. 
The base of the sandstones is not seen everywhere, for instance, around the tank north 
of Somavaram and thence to the eastward, and there is of course a possibility of Damudas 
occurring in such places. Wherever the basement beds were seen however, they were 
Karathis, so far as could he inferred from their mineral character, and there was the usual 
w T ant of carbonaceous shales and other indications of coal. 
The metamorpliics were not examined. Some limestone occurs in the crystalline 
Metamorpliics, limestone, &c. r °° ks both n0rtb and SOuth of Chatrai, (Chataroye) but 
it looks impure 
metamorphic rocks form fine masses of hills. 
West and south-west of Nuzed the 
Some iron furnaces at Chitapurn near Comanaram, and others subsequently seen are 
Iron furnaces. cylindrical, of greater bulk than usual, being about 4 feet 
in diameter and the same in height surmounted by a 
cylindrical chimney a foot or 18 inches in height. The ore is decomposed ferruginous stone 
