23 
local tokens, value a farthing, a half-penny, and a penny, issued by 
individuals or companies to supply the want of copper currency. 
They belong chiefly to two periods, 1791 —1796 and from 1811 to 
the end of the war, when we know that a great want of small 
change prevailed. From Gr. J. Yarburgh, Esq., of Heslington Hall, 
has been received what appears to be a weight for the silver con¬ 
tained in a half-crown of the time of Charles I. It was found at 
Heslington Hall, but it is not known whether it came from a wall 
which had been pulled down, or from a pond which had been 
cleaned out. On the obverse it exhibits the king on horseback, in 
the attitude common on his coins, with the motto, “Honi soit qui 
mal y penseon the reverse, C. R., with some letters above which 
it is not easy to decipher, and below, 2s. 6d. Weighed against some 
half-crowns of Charles I. in the Society’s cabinet, it so nearly 
corresponds with them in weight as to leave no doubt that it has 
been a standard for the half-crown. A mint was established in 
York, in St. William’s College, in 1643—4, (see Mr. Davies’ paper 
in the Proceedings of the Yorkshire Philosophical Society, p. 243,) 
and this may be a relic of the coining apparatus. 
Oct. 6.—Dn. Pkocter read a paper “On the Red Chalk.” 
He traced the course of this formation from its appearance at 
Speeton, on the Yorkshire coast, whence it follows the base of the 
Wolds, at first in a westerly direction, then turning sharply to the 
south-east and making its appearance in several places, especially 
at Pocklington, Market Weighton, and Brantingham. Near the 
last-mentioned place it sinks below the marshes bordering the 
Humber. On the opposite side of that estuary the Red Chalk 
occurs at Ferriby ; it is known to exist at Louth and Harrington; 
it probably skirts the Lincolnshire Wolds, but little is known of its 
course in that county. Crossing the Wash the Red Chalk shows 
itself again at Hunstanton, on the north-west coast of Norfolk ; it 
also occurs near Lynn; and at Leziate, a short distance to the north¬ 
east, it disappears entirely. Thus, although nowhere of any great 
thickness, the Red Chalk appears to fringe and underlie the whole 
of the white chalk of the north-eastern part of England. In the 
southern counties no trace of it is to be met with. The Palaeonto¬ 
logical evidence and the position of the bed seem to indicate that 
the Red Chalk belongs to that portion of the Cretaceous series 
known as the “ Upper Greensand.” Its colouring matter consists 
of peroxide of iron, some of which is probably in combination with 
