for a mark. Tlie capped head on the obverse of the coins of Malaca, 
with the smith’s tongs behind it, might be taken for the head of 
Vulcan, but is generally called the head of a Oabirus, the Cabiri 
being Phoenician deities, who certainly presided over metallurgy, 
and were therefore associated with Vulcan and represented with 
the same attributes. Malaca being situated in the neighbourhood 
of a region abounding in minerals, the worship of Vulcan and of 
the Cabiri was perfectly natural in such a country. The reverse of 
two of the coins shows a star of eight rays, and the third a radiated 
head, both probably having reference to the sun. 
The other coins have inscriptions in the Poman characters. The 
name Carteia on two of them is unquestionably of Phoenician origin, 
its three consonants, Q (pronounced hard), E, T, being those of the 
Hebrew name for town (as in Kiriath-jearim, &c.) and of the first 
syllable of Carthage (the new town). The site of Carteia has been 
the subject of dispute, but the numerous ancient remains found at 
Bocadillo, in the Bay of Algeciras, indicate this as its probable 
locality, especially in connexion with Livy’s statement that it was 
situated “ where the ocean first begins to open from the straits.” 
The origin of the colony of Carteia is recorded by Livy (43, 3); it 
took place in the year 171 b. c. Of the two coins of Carteia in the 
collection, one has on the obverse a rudely formed head, and on the 
reverse a dolphin, with the inscription C. Vib. Aid. (Caius Vibius 
iEdilis), and Cart, in the exergue. The archaic spelling of JEdilis 
and the rudeness of the coin seem to refer it to the early times of 
the Eoman occupation of Spain. The other Carteian coin is much 
later. It has a turreted head, with the inscription, u Germanico et 
Druso,” and, on the reverse, a rudder and the legend Ceesaribus iiii 
vir. Cart. Drusus became Caesar in a. d. 14, and Germanicus died 
in a. d. 19; the date of the coin is therefore between those two 
years. There are two coins of Acinipo, which stood near the 
modern town of Eonda. They bear the name, on one side, between 
two ears of corn, and on the other a bunch of grapes. A coin of 
Castulo, now Cazlona, is recognized by the winged sphinx on the 
reverse. Another is of Corduba, here called Colonia Patricia. 
The last is a coin of Obulco, now Porcuna, in Andalusia. The 
obverse shows a female head, with the letters Obulco ; the reverse 
has L. Aimil. M. Juni. Aid., above a plough and below an ear of 
corn. From its rudeness and the archaic form of the diphthongs 
this coin belongs to the same early period as the first coin of Carteia 
described above. 
