The Aberystwyth Area 
224 
1500 feet, and from the coastal pastures to sixteen miles inland. The 
farms were taken in groups in the various divisions of the Area between 
February 23rd and May 22nd. In February the larvae were immature 
and by the latter date many had left the cattle. 
Ii. bovis was obtained from only three herds, in all others II. lineata 
was the species present, and there is no doubt that this latter is the 
abundant form for the whole Area. 
Of the few cases in which H. bovis occurred, one was near Devils 
Bridge, ten miles inland and some 800 feet above sea level. Another 
was a coast farm from which young cattle are annually sent to another 
holding ten miles away and seven inland, for summer grazing. H. bovis 
occurs in both these holdings and has probably been carried from one 
to the other, but which may be the original situation I am unable to say. 
In the third case the larvae were immature and I am not absolutely 
certain as to the identification. Regarding H. lineata then as the usual 
local species, I do not find any district free from the pest; it occurs 
alike from sea level to the highest sheep walks (where a few cattle are 
generally kept) and I have found it abundantly in cattle grazed through¬ 
out the season about 1000 to 1500 feet. The species appears to be very 
prevalent around the Dyfi Flats, but everywhere some herds are more 
heavily infested than others. Young cattle are certainly more severely 
attacked than others, and it is interesting to note that calves kept 
indoors until September and then turned out proved heavily infested 
in the following spring. I have examined young cattle of ten months 
old in which the whole back was one mass of lumps, forty to fifty have 
been counted on heifers and young cows, but old cows, in my experience, 
seldom show more than a dozen and frequently very few, or none. 
I further incline to believe that black cattle suffer more than do those 
of fighter hue, the worst infected herds and individuals that I examined 
were all black. 
Very little is done in the Survey Area to combat this pest, but 
several farmers claim great reduction or almost entire absence owing to 
dressing their cattle with a carbolic wash, such as a sponge dipped in 
McDougall’s or Jeyes’ Fluids, and applied from time to time. 
Only two of the herds examined proved totally free and of these, 
one is carefully dressed with carbolic, while the other, a- small dairy 
farm, has to my knowledge not shown a warble for three years, although 
the next farm is lightly affected I attribute this freedom to the fact 
that throughout the season these cattle graze the damp shady fields 
near a river. 
