N. H. SWBLLENGREBEL AND R. M. M. WiNOTO 267 
therefore no reason to suppose that the limax of cultures from stools 
are derived from Entamoebae because limax already pre-exist in faeces. 
These observations, moreover, explain why limax are found in cultures 
from the pus of liver abscesses, for this is only conceivable by supposing 
the limax to be real intestinal parasites, a supposition now proved 
to be correct. Chatton and Lalung Bonaire’s observations were con¬ 
firmed by Wenyon (1912, 1913); who observed the presence of limax 
in human faeces over a considerable period of time. These amoebae 
were not pathogenic for kittens. Mathis (1913 o) seldom found limax 
in human faeces; similar amoebae cultivated from the stools of an 
ape (1913 h) are considered to be derived from cysts passing through 
the intestine without developing there. Gauducheau (1912, 1913) 
observed small amoebae of the cultural type, resembling his Entamoeba 
phagocytoides (also a cultural form), he found them in dysenteric stools. 
Whitmore (1913) made similar observations in Florida, but these 
amoebae may not have been true intestinal parasites, as the stools 
were not freshly deposited. James (1915) was the first to observe 
not only amoebae but also cysts in fresh stools, he saw them continually 
during a period of three weeks. The cysts were uninucleate and of the 
common limax type. Job and Hirtzmann (1916) also saw limax in 
the human intestine, but they regarded them as developing forms of 
E. histolytica. 
From these observations there can hardly be any doubt, that limax 
sometimes occur as true intestinal parasites but it remains to be 
determined, whether these forms are identical with the cultural limax. 
We have observed the intestinal limax (amoeboid stages and cysts) 
in three cases. In the first case, where only a few observations were 
made, the limax seemed to be identical with the common cultural type, 
but in the two others where observation was continued for several 
months, the morphology of the cysts differed from that of the type 
commonly found in limax cultures. 
The first case is that of a European woman in Sumatra, suffering 
from chronic diarrhoea. The digestion of amyloid substances was 
insufficient as appeared by the abundant presence of starch grains 
and Bacillus arnylobacter in the stools, especially after ingestion of food 
containing much amylum (bananas). Besides limax the stools showed 
the presence of E. coli and Chilomastix mesnili. 
The limax referred to measure 7-8 p, sometimes showing a distinct 
ectoplasm and broadly lobose pseudopodia (PI. II, fig. 3). The ento- 
plasm contains small (figs. 1-2) or larger vacuoles, the nucleus is of the 
Parasitology ix 
18 
