W. Nicoll 
111 
The yolk glands are entirely lateral, extending from a short distance 
(0’25 mm.) behind the ventral sucker to a point about 0‘35 mm. from 
the tip of the tail. They increase very gradually and regularly in width, 
starting with a single follicle at the anterior end, they immediately 
increase to two follicles in breadth. Behind the ovary the number is 
increased to three, while behind the testes it reaches a maximum of 
four, and the breadth is uniform throughout the post-testicular space. 
At the level of the ovary the width of the yolk glands is 0T8 mm. ; 
in the post-testicular space it is 0’28 mm. In the latter region there is 
an unoccupied space 03 mm. in width. 
The ova are of large size, but few in number. They measure 0T12 
to 0T26 x 0063 to 0‘075 mm. (average 0'118 x 0’069 mm.). 
This is the fifth avian Echinostome with 37 cephalic spines, which 
has been described. E. revolution (Froelich) has already been recorded 
from Australian ducks and is not at all uncommon in Queensland. 
Although bearing much resemblance to the present species in internal 
anatomy it is altogether a much broader and bulkier form. E. niendax 
Dietz- bears an even closer resemblance, but it again is a broader and 
plumper species. Its length is only six times its breadth, the testes 
are considerably smaller, the cephalic spines and the ova are decidedly 
smaller while the post-testicular space is much shorter. E. paraulum 
Dietz again is a much smaller and broader species and differs from the 
present species in many other respects. The same applies to the im¬ 
mature E. echinocephalum Rud. 
Echinostomum emollitum u. sp. 
(Plate VI, fig. 5.) 
Several specimens of a small delicate Echinostome were found in 
the intestine of a pheasant coucal (Centropus phasianus). The specimens, 
which were all mature, measured 4 - 5 to 6'7 mm. in length and 0 - 55 to 
0 - 70 mm. in breadth. The length is thus about nine times the breadth. 
The whole body is very thin and transparent. The head is par¬ 
ticularly small and measures only 0'27 mm. in diameter. There are 
35 cephalic spines. Those of the end group are constantly larger than 
the others, measuring 0‘045 to 0'057 mm. Next to them are the smallest 
spines and the length increases gradually on passing dorsally. The 
length of the marginal spines is 0 - 030 to 0'042 mm. The neck is thickly 
beset with small spines and these are continued back to the level of the 
testes. Their distribution, however, behind the ventral sucker is very 
sparse. 
