P. H. Bahr 
137 
The Ceylon anopheline mosquitoes. 
The following is a list of anopheline mosquitoes I collected in Ceylon, 
identified by Col. Alcock, C.I.E., F.R.S., and Major S. P. James, I.M.S. 
Anopheles ( Myzomyia) rossii Giles. 
„ ,, culicifacies Giles. 
,, ,, albirostris Theob. 
,, „ punctulata Donitz. 
,, ,, listoni Liston. 
,, ( Myzorhynchus ) sinensis Wied. 
„ ,, barbirostris v. d. Wulp. 
,, (Nyssorhynchus) fuliginosus Giles. 
,, ,, jamesi Theob. 
,, maculatus Theob. 
,, gigas var. refutans, sp. nov. Alcock. 
(Refutans is similar to gigas except for three or four very narrow light 
tawny bands on the palps one of which is situated at the tip.) 
Of these no less than six species have been recognized as malaria 
carriers in other parts of the tropics, but so far only one, M. culicifacies, 
has definitely been proved—by Major James in Talaimannar—to be 
the natural carrier of infection in Ceylon. 
Anopheles gigas var. refutans was only found breeding at an elevation 
of 6000 ft. ; even in Nuwara Eliya it was a scarce species, and hardly ever 
entered the houses or showed any proclivity to feed on human blood. 
Only two other species of Anopheles, M. rossii and N. maculatus, were 
found breeding in the swift streams at that altitude ; the latter species, 
although a recognized carrier in Malaya, appears to play little part in 
the spread of malaria in Ceylon ; it is possible that the temperature 
encountered in its breeding areas is too low to permit of the complete 
developmental cycle of the parasite in this definitive host to take place. 
M. culicifacies is generally conceded by Christophers and James to be the main 
natural malaria-carrier in India, and has also been found naturally infected by the 
latter in Ceylon. 
M. albirostris has been found naturally infected with zygotes both in India and 
the Malay States. 
M. listoni has been found naturally infected in India and is capable of transmitting 
malaria in captivity. 
M. sinensis is recognized as a carrier of the benign tertian parasite by Tzuzuki in 
Japan, and has been found infected with zygotes by Stanton on two occasions. 
Parasitology vii 10 
