138 Malaria in Ceylon 
M. fuliginosus has been found naturally infected in India by J. R. Adie, and in 
Malaya by Stanton. 
N. maculatus has been found infected in nature in Malaya by Malcolm Watson, 
and under experimental conditions by Stanton. The former has associated its 
presence with severe malaria in the hill country. 
Attempts were made in Kurunegala to transmit the quartan parasite 
through Myzorhynchus barbirostris, by far the most abundant species 
of anopheline, without success. Great difficulty was experienced in 
finding a suitable case of infection and in inducing the native to submit 
to mosquito bites at night time. 
Malaria in Kurunegala. 
Malaria was studied in greatest detail in Kurunegala. This town, 
381 feet above sea-level, is the capital of the North-Western Province, 
and the centre of an important agricultural district mainly devoted to 
the cultivation of cocoanuts ; it is also an important labour distributing 
centre to districts which have been considerably opened np during the 
last 20 years. It is situated 58 miles by rail from Colombo and is the 
residential centre of the local staff of the Northern line. 
According to the 1911 census there is within the limits of the town, 
which occupies an area of over four square miles, a population of 8100. 
Within these limits also there are over 500 acres of paddy or rice 
fields, but only 300 of these are of importance for our present purpose, 
as the remainder are cut off by a series of bare rocks {vide Map 2) which 
arise abruptly towards the north-east of the town, and may on that 
account be disregarded as having any influence on the spread of the 
malaria in the town proper. 
The town consists of a number of residential houses and a bazaar of 
about 15 acres in extent occupied by ill-kept straggling boutiques or 
small shops. The houses of the better classes are scattered along the 
main roads and converge on the bazaar. 
Towards the north of the town there is a tank of some ten acres in 
extent which is used for'irrigation purposes and to a limited extent for 
bathing and drinking. A water course emerging from this supplies the 
adjacent paddy fields and eventually joins a stream called the Boo Ela ; 
this latter has its source in another large tank named the “ Wenaru- 
wewa ” situated a mile beyond the southern town limits. 
The inhabitants of Kurunegala can be divided into four social classes, 
(1) the Government servants employed in the Government offices and 
