Floristik, Geographie, Systematik etc. 
123 
under special headings. As the elements of central and Southern 
China and those of Japan are most numerously represented in this 
flora, the writer has especially called attention to the comparison of 
the floras of these three regions, i.e. Japan, Formosa and China. 
He has mentioned 9 species peculiar to Formosa and China, which 
species are represented by Hoeckia Ascherso'niana Engl, et Graebn., 
Senecio monanthus Diels, Petasites tricholobus Franch., Gentiana hn- 
milis Stev., Salvia scapiformis Hance, Daphne Championi Benth., 
Libocedrus macvolepis Benth., Pinus Armandi Franch. and Keteleeria 
Davidiana Beissn. Two genera, Hoeckia and Keteleeria are found in 
Formosa and China, but nowhere eise. He has also pointed out 
that there are 16 species which are known to exist only in For¬ 
mosa and Japan. The}" are Clematis lasiandra Maxim., Mitelia ja - 
ponica Miq., Trochodendron aralioides S. et Z., Fatsia, Galinm bra- 
chypodium Maxim. Lysimachia sikokiana Miq., Conandron ramon- 
dioides S. et Z., Tsuga diversifolia Maxim., Pseudotsuga japonica 
Shirasawa, Abies mariesii Masters, Chamaecyparis pisifera S. et Z. 
(represented by C. formosensis Matsum.), Chamaecyparis obtusa S. et 
Z., Pinus parvißora S. et Z. (represented by Pinus formosana 
Hayata), Metanarthesium foliatum Maxim., Juncus Maximowiczii Fr. 
et Sav. and Plagiogyria Matsumureana Makina. He has also men¬ 
tioned that there are 4 genera peculiar to Japan and Formosa. 
Thev are Trochodendron, Fatsia, Conandron and Metanarthesium. 
The Japanese elements are. on the whole, a little less numerously 
represented in the Formosan flora than the elements of China, so 
far as the figures of the elements are concerned. The author, how- 
ever, has emphatically stated that the number of the plants peculiar 
to both islands far exceeds the number of those which are eonfined 
to the continent and Formosa. Endemie plants are, he says, eom- 
paratively numerous as is to be expected in an island. Among the 
plants treated in this work, the moststriking species, with the endemic 
genus, Taiwania , are as follows: Fatsia polycarpa Hay., Oreopanax 
formosana Hav., Damnacanthus angustifolius Hay.. Leontopodium 
microphyllum Hay., Pyrola morrisonicola Hay., Helicia formosana 
Hemsl., Chamaecyparis formosensis Matsum., Cunninghamia Konishii 
Hay., Taiwania cryptomerioides Hay., Pinus formosana Hay. and 
Brachypodium Kawakamii Hay. 
After giving the general remarks as to the characters of the 
elements, the author has devoted a chapter to the discussion of the 
floristic relationship between Formosa and neighbouring countries. 
He has here given a table showing the numbers of the elements of 
the countries under comparison, and their ratios to the whole num¬ 
ber. As shown in that table, the island has the strongest affinity to 
central and Southern China and Japan; next, to the Himalayas; 
then, to the Malay peninsula and archipelago, and to North China; 
and lastly, to North America. As to central and Southern China 
and Japan, says the writer, the comparative strength of their floristic 
relationship to Formosa is not to be measured by the number of 
elements only; the character of the elements must also be taken into 
account. So far as the number of the elements is concerned, it 
appears that the most striking affinity obtains between the island 
and central and Southern China. It is not so, however, he proceeds 
to say, when we compare those elements which give the flora its 
peculiar features. The author has laid great stress upon the com¬ 
parison of this dass of elements, which plays so important a part 
in the study of phytogeography. 
