124 
Floristik, Geographie, Systematik etc. 
As shown by the author, the species the distribution of which 
is limited to Formosa and Japan are far more numerous than those 
confined to Formosa and China. We have also observed that the 
number of the genera, which are found in the islands and nowhere 
eise, is double that of such kinds in Formosa and China. When 
we consider, as he says, these species of peculiar character, we 
are forced to think that the flora of Formosa has a striking affinity 
to that of Japan. And it is even more so, when the genera, 7>o- 
chodendron, Fatsia, Conandron and Metanarthesium, are taken into 
account. Thus, the writer came to the conclusion that the mountain 
flora of Formosa is nearest to that of Japan, regardless of geogra- 
phical proximity to China. It is, he continues to say, a very 
remarkable fact that so many plants of peculiar character are found 
in both regions. This fact has led him to think that these plants had 
once ranged over all the continent but became extinct there, while 
they have still survived in the islands, owing to their insular con- 
ditions. He found, however, that this opinion will not satisfactorily 
explain why the plants which are found still living in the islands 
do not also survive in so sheltered a place as Tsin-ling-shan in 
central China, where the flora is quite as rieh as it is in Japan 
and Formosa. It is very reasonable to think that in the so called 
coast provinces of China, the disturbances were so severe as to 
destroy these inhabitants of peculiar character. But, why in the 
protected centre of China. He has thought, therefore, that insular 
conditions are not the only cause of the floristic affinity of the two 
regions, and has wondered if this affinity were not due to a land- 
mass or mountain chains, which are by some geologists conjectured 
to have existed between the islands in former ages. After discussing 
the subject over and over again, he came to the conclusion that the 
similarity of the floras of Formosa and Japan may have been 
caused, on the one hand, by the existence formerly of a land-mass 
between the islands, and, on the other, by the same insular con¬ 
ditions caused by the depression forming the inner seas in more 
recent geological ages. 
To conclude the introductory part of this work, the author has 
endeavoured to give the readers some fair idea of the mountainous 
Vegetation of the island, and has given the extraction of the report 
written by Mr. T. Kawakami who made a botanical trip to Mt. 
M orrison some vears before. Summarizing the various aspects of 
the Vegetation he has given, he came to the conclusion that the 
mountain zone of the island may be divided into four regions: 
1) Broad leaved tree regions (represented by Trochodendron, Cinna- 
momum and Quercus) from 2,000 ft.—6,000 ft.; 2) Coniferous region 
(represented by Abies, Picea, Pinus, Taiwania, Cunninghamia, and 
Chamaecyparis ) from 6,000 ft. up to 10,000 ft.; 3) Shrubby region 
(represented by Juniperus and Berberis) from 10,000 ft. up to 12,000 ft.; 
4) Grass region (represented by Leontopodium, Potentilla, Origanum, 
Sibbaldia, Trisetum, Festuca, Luzula, Brachypodium, and Lycopodium) 
from 12,000 ft. up to 13,100 ft. 
Lastly comes the descriptive part of his work. In this part, 
the author has arranged the plants after Bentham and Hooker’s 
System with full references and descriptions of new or noteworthy 
plants. The new species and varieties which are here for the first 
time described are as follows: 
Clematis lasiandra Maxim, var. Nagasawai Hay., C. longisepala 
Ha}^., C. Morri Hay., C. tosanensis Hav., Cardamine reniformis Hay., 
