406 Morphologie etc. — Varietäten, Descendenz, Hybriden. 
followed at once by a growth resulting in teleutospores. In connexion 
with the development of the Aecidium cup Olive finds one or more 
multinucleate cells scattered irregularly at. the base of the cup. The 
origin and later behaviour of these cells is still obscure but it was 
observed that in some cases the nuclei appeared to divide in an 
unpaired manner. 
Vegetative nuclear divisions were studied in a number of forms 
and in both gametophytic and sporophytic hyphae; it was in all 
cases found to be mitotic in nature. There is a centrosome which is 
located on the nuclear membrane, in some forms it persists as a distinct 
point of Polarisation of the nuclear contents. The centre divides and 
the two move apart and a spindle appears between them. The nu¬ 
clear membrane then breaks down and the spindle comes to lie on 
one side of the chromatic mass; mantle fibres then develop and du- 
ring the later phases a few polar radiations generally appear. The 
chromosomes could not be counted at the metaphase but during the 
anaphase eight chromatic radiations converging to the poles were 
observed. The Strands were often seen to be arranged in two 
groups, each group being attached to a centrosome. This double 
character of the daughter nucleus which has been noted by other 
observers is explained as due to a precocious division of the centre. 
V. H. Blackman. 
Yamanouchi, S., Apogamy in Nephrodium. (Botanical Gazette. 
XLV. p. 289—318. Pis. 9—10. 1908.) 
Dr. Yamanouchi’s previous studies on Sporogenesis in Ne¬ 
phrodium and on Spermatogenesis, Oogenesis andFertili- 
zation in Nephrodium, prepared the way for the present cytological 
investigation of apogamy. The feature of greatest interest is that the 
apogamously produced sporophytes of Nephrodium show constantly 
the x, or gametophytic number of chromosomes, this being the first 
recorded instance of a sporophyte with the reduced number of 
chromosomes. Since the apogamous sporophytes look like the ordi- 
nary 2 x sporopl^tes resulting from fertilization, it is evident that 
the number of chromosomes has no influence upon the general ap- 
pearance of the plant. Some of the apogamous plants are nearly 
large enough to bear sporangia. It would be interesting to know 
whether such plants would show apospory or would produce sporangia 
with a still further reduction in the number of chromosomes. 
Charles J. Chamberlain (Chicago). 
Arloing, S., Variations morphologiques du bacille de la 
tuberculose de l’homme et des mammiferes obtenues 
artificiellement. (C. R. Ac. Sc. Paris, CXLVI, p. 100, 1908.) 
L’auteur decrit des formes filamenteuses simples ou ramifiees, 
d’un diametre uniforme ou renflees aux extremites, geantes, consi- 
derees jusqu’ici comme particulieres aux bacilles des Oiseaux. Elles 
peuvent se rencontrer dans des cultures de bacilles de la tuberculose 
des Mammiferes, regulierement renouvelees, mais soumises ä l’in- 
fluence de deux facteurs differents, ä savoir, Televation de la tem- 
perature (40° ä 45°) des cultures et l’augmentation de la pression ä 
2,5 atmospheres dans l’enceinte qui renferme les cultures. Ces 
experiences tendent donc ä abaisser la barriere que certains bacte- 
riologistes avaient dressee entre les bacilles des Mammiferes et 
ceux des Oiseaux et des Vertebres ä sang froid. L. Blaringhem. 
