31 
The necessary conditions have been found in the Desert of 
Sahara for their formation, and up to June 1860, no less than 
60 have been executed, which are fed by the waters falling on 
the exposed edges of the Atlas chain: they yield 4000 quarts 
per minute, depth 160 ft., temperature 86° Fahr. 
In our own country one of the most important borings is at 
Middlesbro’-on-Tees, on the property of the Messrs. Bolckow 
and Vaughan, in the Triassic-beds, where at a depth of 1067 ft. 
Bock Salt was found in four distinct layers or beds, the 
aggregate thickness being 100 ft. making a total of 1306 ft. 
The borings went through two beds of Gypsum of 2 and 6 ft.: 
upon analysis by Mr. Marley, 100 parts yielded 96 of Chloride 
of Sodium and 3 of Sulphate of Lime, with minute portions of 
the Sulphates of Soda and Magnesia, Silica, Iron, and Water. 
At Saltholme on the Durham side of the Tees, Bell Brothers 
had a boring made 1100 ft. deep, two separate beds of Bock 
Salt of a thickness together of 100 ft. were found; as commercial 
speculations those deep borings would at present most probably 
prove a failure, as they would not be able to compete with the 
Salt works long established in Cheshire and Worcestershire. 
In Nantwich and other places in Cheshire, the beds containing 
the Salt are reached at a depth of from 50 to 150 yards below 
the surface, and they vary in thickness from six inches to 
nearly 40 ft. Those saliferous beds are situated in the upper 
division of the New Bed Sandstone the Keuper; the lower 
division of the New Bed, or the Bunter beds are generally free 
from Salt and yield water of very good quality, as in the case 
of large districts in the centre and North of England. The 
store-house of Salt beds is the New Bed Sandstone. 
The artesian boring at the Well Garth Brewery, Masham, 
the property of Mr. Thos. Lightfoot, commenced in October, 
1875, was completed March, 1876, and undertaken in order to 
obtain a pure and permanent water supply. The level of the 
Brewery is 260 ft. above that of the Sea, and about 25 ft. above 
the level of the adjacent river ITre or Yore; the boring was 
carried to a depth of 435 ft. The first attempts, before the 
Diamond Bock boring was resorted to, left off about 35 ft. below 
the level of the Brewery, and at this point the Diamond boring 
