began and was continued 400 ft. further. The first- 35 ft. were 
composed of Gravel, Blue Clay and Marl, and the remaining 
400 ft. were situated in the Millstone Grit, one of the series of the 
Carboniferous Rocks. The cores are composed of coarse Grits, 
dark Shales and Sandstones, and, as they were brought up, were 
carefully preserved and arranged in proper order and sequence 
in eight boxes with longitudinal divisions, giving an accurate 
section of the strata in perpendicular depth; they are of different 
lengths, many having been broken in the process of extracting 
them from the hollow cylinder; some have the ends polished 
which is caused by a broken piece in the cylinder revolving 
with the crown, grinding its own end and that of the portion 
next to it. They are three inches in diameter. On careful 
examination no traces of organic remains could be found in any 
of the cores. 
The daily rate of progress in the boring varied much with 
the nature of the Rock; when through Shale the progress was 
very slow, hardly four feet a clay, but through the hard Grits 
and Sandstones, as much as 20 ft. was attained : the average 
rate may be taken as 9 ft. per day of eight hours. 
Water was first “struck” at a depth of 126 ft., but it was 
neither sufficient in quantity or pure enough in quality for the 
purposes of brewing; 179 ft. of five in. iron tubing were then 
put down to keep out this supply and all other kinds of water 
except what comes from the lowest point. This is a true 
artesian well, the water flowing out by its own pressure and 
with considerable force; it would rise 35 ft. higher than the 
outlet if the tubing were continued, and just flow over. The 
water is confined by a convex hollow iron cap or cover, 
connected with the non tube in the well, and conies out in a 
sheet round the margin : it is clear and bright, very soft to the 
taste, in great contrast to the waters from the neighbouring 
springs; there has been no intermission in the flow nor has any 
diminution in the quantity or qualities been observed ; at least 
2000 gallons run out every hour which would be amply 
sufficient, not only for all the brewing purposes, but enough for 
the whole population of the town of Masham. From its purity 
and softness it is valuable not only for the brewery but for 
