33 
various domestic purposes, as making tea, washing, bathing, &c. 
The temperature of this water taken on the 1st inst. by 
Mr. Thomson the Manager, was 55° Fahr.; in the surface well 
50° Fahr. In the artesian well there has been little variation; 
in summer the surface well was often as much as 10° colder 
than the artesian, or five less than it is at present. 
The first brewing made from it was in May last, and experi¬ 
ments were tried with various kinds of ale, all of which have 
turned out satisfactory and kept good during the hot summer 
months. 
Dr. Stephenson Macadam, of Edinburgh, after the most 
careful analysis of the water found it perfectly free from any 
impurities either organic or inorganic, and to be eminently 
suitable for its intended purpose, as stated in the General 
Geological Eeport. The cores were generously presented by 
Mr. Lightfoot, to the Museum, and are placed in the Geological 
Doom containing the Yorkshire Series of Fossils to which they 
form a most important unique and permanently valuable 
addition, as illustrating the nature of the strata to a perpendi¬ 
cular depth of 400 feet. 
The working and many other details were kindly supplied 
conjointly by Mr. Lightfoot and Mr. Bowes, of Masham, who 
watched with great interest its daily progress until completed. 
Methods of boring: in the old one the apparatus formed a 
sort of large gimlet, the steel boring tool or chisel being fixed to 
iron rods which were screwed together and turned by two men, 
the tool being raised and suddenly dropped by a man at the 
end of a lever connected by a rope or chain with the gimlet 
head, but modern engineering skill has superseded, at least for 
large works, this primitive method, by the substitution of steam, 
by which a boring tool of several tons weight can be used, the 
percussion being sufficient to pierce the hardest rock. The 
latest advance is the adoption of the Diamond Lock Drill, 
where feet instead of inches may be bored through in some 
strata. The drill called the Crown is a ring of soft steel from 
three to seven inches and upwards in diameter, having 15 to 
24 diamonds set at regular intervals round its lower edge: 
this ring is attached to a cylindrical tube of steel ten or twelve 
H 
