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any body-armoiir, in fact as the Gauls used none, but went into 
battle “ naked,” with the shield for their sole defence, it was 
impossible that the Britons should have advanced beyond them 
in that particular, and, what proves the point, is the bas-reliefs 
of local workmanship (the finest being that lately found 
near Linlithgow), where the victorious Roman is seen 
careering over prostrate barbarians all in a state of nudity, 
for they had cast off the plaid, their only covering, on 
rushing into battle, as did the Highlanders in similar circum¬ 
stances, or even when engaged in any hard work down 
to the time of the construction of the military roads after the 
rebellion of 1745. But most interesting of all these types is 
the Britannia welcoming her soi-disant saviour Carausius, upon 
his landing, with the Yirgilian quotation, Expectate, veniy 
But in this last picture, to suit the occasion, Britannia appears, 
without weapons or defence, in the usual attire of a Roman 
matron grasping the hand of her new sovereign. The wall of 
rocks that first met the eyes of the invaders from the other side 
of the Channel was, therefore, taken for the distinct badge of 
Britannia, according to the rule in Roman personifications, just 
a.s Italia on the coins of the Social League is distinguished by 
her peculiar Samnite lance, and the reclining bull, x it ulus, that 
gave her name ; Hispania, by the rabbit, for the same reason ; 
Africa, by the elephant’s head; and Dacia, by the great Celtic 
trumpet, carnyyix, carried in her hand. Had the York statue, 
therefore, been designed to typify this island, the natural 
distinction of the country would have, as a matter of course, 
found its place as an accessory, in the background, as support 
to the folds of the paludcmientum. 
Some may be inclined to see here Dea Roma herself, than 
whom no deity could have more appropriately adorned the 
Proetorian head-quarters in any part of the Empire—but the 
costume, in this case also, furnishes insuperable objections 
against, apparently, so satisfactory an explanation. The 
tutelary goddess of Rome was no other than Minerva, the 
Etruscan name of the Palladium, «.<?., statuette of Pallas- 
Athene, the special object of veneration to the Pelasgic founders 
of the City. Now, no extant type of the virgin-goddess 
