of the two languages goes farther than the names of Saints; 
coNSECRATA EST ANNO and poMAERio, (as I restore it), also 
occurring. In this respect this inscription does not stand alone. 
At old Byland there is a dial inscribed + svmerled an hvscarl 
ME FECIT, where the rank of the writer, an housecarl,” is in 
English, hut the verb and its object are in Latin. The 
^^Chronicon Scotorum” affords many and very curious examples 
of mixture of Irish and Latin; I give one for comparison :— 
A. D. 714 Fluit fros meala for Otain mhic^ fros argid 
“It rained shower of honey on Othan Bee, shower of silver 
for Otain moir, fros fola supra fosam Lagenorum^ et inde vocatur 
on Othan Mor, shower of blood on foss of Laighen and thence is named 
Niall Frosaic mao Fergail ar tuno natus est. 
Neil Frosach son of Fergal for then he was bom.” 
The stone appears to be entire on the left hand, and there is 
room, according to the extent of the defacement, for two or 
three letters in each line, except the last, which is in smaller 
letters, and more crowded. On the right hand it is broken, 
but as there can be no doubt as to the restoration of the third, 
fourth, and sixth lines, the length of the lines is certain. 
Of the first word the last two letters are distinct—os. This 
can only be completed theos, thios, or thos, of which the first 
letter would be the rune thorny which occurs in the ninth line. 
An indistinct indent after s has been thought to be i. I do 
not think it is, and I observe that, without it, the distance 
between s and m is the same as that between m and i. 
If the word were theos or thioSy it would be the feminine 
demonstrative agreeing with minster, which in the inscription 
is shown to be feminine by the verb consecrata est in the 
seventh line, (whilst in the Kirkdale inscription the pronoun 
HIT shows it to be neuter), and of this verb minster would be the 
subject. We should then read thios minster set be eferard, 
&c., ^^This minster set by Eferard,” &c. 
If it were ihoSy (although this spelling has not elsewhere 
occurred), it might represent the accusative feminine ihdSy for 
the accented d had the sound of long o ; (the masc : is thisne, 
neut: this). In this case the reading would be thos minster 
setton efrard, &c. ‘^This minster, Efrard, &c., placed”; 
