14 
bore this name. According to Professor Rawlinson it first 
occurs in Assyrian records of the 8th century b. c., and its 
origin is uncertain. In the Hebrew prophets the Casdim 
(which is rendered Clialdees) are first mentioned in Isaiah 
xxiii., 13, and then are spoken of as if recently incorporated 
with Assyria : This people was not; Assyria established it 
for those wdio dwell in the wfilderness.” This was written 
about the middle of the 8th century b. c. Now we have seen 
that the name Chaldpean is not found in the inscriptions of the 
region afterwards called Chaldrea, i.e. Lower Babylonia, and 
that it first makes its appearance in Assyrian inscriptions in 
the 8th century b. c. It seems to me that from these facts a 
strong presumption arises, that by some event, which history 
has not directly recorded, an incorporation of the Chaldees, a 
fierce nomadic nation, inhabiting the country between Assyria 
and the Euxine, with the Assyrians, had taken place. It is re- 
markable that the first attempt of Assyria at the permanent 
subjugation of Palestine took place in this century. Pul made 
Menahem tributary (771 b, c.), but Tiglath Pileser, a few years 
later, carried oif the inhabitants of Galilee, and before the 
close of the century Shalmaneser had done the same thing with 
the kim^dom of Israel. Mention of the Chaldees certainlv 
occurs in books of Scripture which stand earlier in our present 
arrangement than Isaiah ; but it would be unsafe to assume 
that this is the order in which they were written. Gradually 
the name became equivalent to Assyrian and Babylonian, and 
ultimately lost its ethnic sense altogether, and denoted a caste 
of priests, or a college of cultivators of astronomy and astrology. 
If Mr. Fox Talbot and his associates are correct in placing 
the cylinder of Tiglath Pileser I. in 1,100 b. c., it is evident 
that Assyria was already a powerful monarchy, and there 
is every probability that it was even then the growth of cen¬ 
turies. But beyond this contemporaneous documents fail, and 
Professor Rawlinson has not obtained sreneral assent to the 
scheme by which he carries up the line of kings to the 19th 
century b. c. We must leave this point undecided ; at all 
events neither Assyria nor Babylon had, during these centuries, 
any place in the ^'World’s History.” What infiuence their 
