Physiologie. 
583 
chemistry of the assimilation of some of the simpler compounds and 
in this article gives some of his preliminary results. A strain ol 
Penicillium glancum was used throughout the work. Stock-cultures 
were grown on sterilized bean stems to avoid possible infiuence ot 
the substratum on the strain. The culture medium was a solution 
of the necessary inorganic salts of the purest grades. In most of the 
work the culture fluid always contained the mineral salts in the 
same concentration thus: 1 gm. N E, N 0 3 , 0.5 gm. KH,PO and 
0.25 gm. Mg. SO, per 100 cc. As a source of carbon the following 
substances were used: C 2 H S OH, CH-KSO-,, C 2 H 5 N0 3 , CH 3 COOC.,H 5 , 
CH, COOH and CH 3 COOH. The cultures were grown for 10 days at 
a temperature of twenty degrees Centigrade in an electrically 
controlled and electrically heated incubator. Tables are given showing 
the results of the cultures with the necessary explanatory notes. 
It was found that alcohol, acetic acid and substances from which 
the acetic acid radicle (CH 3 COO) is easily derived are assimilated 
by Penicillium glaucum. In the case of alcohol the addition of mineral 
salts stimulates growth, but nitric acid produces a greater Stimulation 
than hydrochloric acid. Esters of alcohol are valueless as a source 
of carbon, they are however not toxic. The readily oxidized 
substances possess the greatest food value. The author teils to what 
extent these data serve to correlate the mode of assimilation ol 
these compounds with the known Chemical relations of the substances 
going into the Chemical changes. 
Among the “Incidental Observations” it was found that alcohol 
was not only favorable to growth (contrary to the general belief) 
but even permitted abundant germination of spores. Indeed the 
cultures in alcohol grew more vigorouslv than any of the others, 
but spores were not produced during the growth of the cultures. 
A great individual difference of resistence to deleterious substances 
was noted. Raymond J. Pool. 
Seefried, F., Ueber die Lichtsinnesorgane der Laubblätter 
einheimischer Schattenpflanzen. (Sitzber. k. Akad. Wiss. 
Wien. math. nat. Kl. CXVI. Abt. I. Juli 1907. p. 1311 — 1357. Mit 
4 Taf.) 
Verf. fand bei allen daraufhin untersuchten Schattenpflanzen 
bezw. Schattenformen der heimischen Flora (60 verschiedenen Gat¬ 
tungen angehörige Arten) in der oberseitigen Blattepidermis zur 
Lichtperzeption geeignete optische Einrichtungen. Es finden sich 
in mannigfaltiger Verschiedenheit alle von Haberlandt hauptsäch¬ 
lich an tropischen Pflanzen aufgefundenen Typen wieder u. zw. 
Typ. I.: Aussen wand eben, Innenwand vorgewölbt; Typ. II: Aussen- 
wand vorgewölbt, Innenwand eben; Typ. III: Aussen und Innen¬ 
wand vorgewölbt. 
Es wurde hier zu weit führen alle im Detail stark varierenden 
Einrichtungen anzuführen, ich beschränke mich auf die Hervor¬ 
hebung einiger Besonderheiten. So erscheint die Epidermisaussen- 
wand von Impatiens parvißora und Paris quadrifolia an mehreren 
Stellen vorgewölbt, so dass in einer Zelle „mehrere optisch wirk¬ 
same Teile” auftreten. In manchen Fällen sind die Epidermiszellen 
über dem Blattrande (. Lysimachia, Nummularia u. a.\ in anderen 
Fällen die über den Gefässbündeln ( Viola biflora etc.) die optisch 
wirksameren. 
Von spezifischen Einrichtungen zur Lichtperzeption seien ge- 
