182 
Fishery Bulletin 116(2) 
Kraak, S. B. M. 
2007. Does the probabilistic maturation reaction norm ap¬ 
proach disentangle phenotypic plasticity from genetic 
change? Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 335:295-300. 
Law, R. 
2000. Fishing, selection, and phenotypic evolution. ICES 
J. Mar. Sci. 57:659-668. 
Liu, Y, J. Cheng, and Y. Chen. 
2009. A spatial analysis of trophic composition: a case 
study of hairtail (Trichiurus japonicus ) in the East Chi¬ 
na Sea. Hydrobiologia 632:79-90. 
Manly, B. F. J. 
1997. Randomization, bootstrap and Monte Carlo methods 
in biology, 2 nd ed., 399 p. Chapman & Hall, London. 
Matta, M. E., T. E. Helser, and B. A. Black. 
2016. Otolith biochronologies reveal latitudinal differ¬ 
ences in growth of Bering Sea yellowfin sole Limanda 
aspera. Polar Biol. 39:2427-2439. 
Megalofonou, P. 
2006. Comparison of otolith growth and morphology with 
somatic growth and age in young-of-the-year bluefin 
tuna. J. Fish Biol. 68:1867-1878. 
Mollet, F. M., G. H. Engelhard, A. Vainikka, A. T. Laugen, A. 
D. Rijnsdorp, and B. Ernande. 
2013. Spatial variation in growth, maturation schedules 
and reproductive investment of female sole Solea solea 
in the Northeast Atlantic. J. Sea Res. 84:109-121. 
Morita, K., J.-I. Tsuboi, and T. Nagasawa. 
2009. Plasticity in probabilistic reaction norms for matura¬ 
tion in a salmonid fish. Biol. Lett. 5:628-631. 
Munch, S. B., and S. Salinas. 
2009. Latitudinal variation in lifespan within species is ex¬ 
plained by the metabolic theory of ecology. Proc. Natl. 
Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106:13860-13864. 
Ohlberger, J. 
2013. Climate warming and ectotherm body size—from in¬ 
dividual physiology to community ecology. Funct. Ecol. 
27:991-1001. 
Olsen, E. M., G. R. Lilly, M. Heino, M. J. Morgan, J. Brattey, 
and U. Dieckmann. 
2005. Assessing changes in age and size at matura¬ 
tion in collapsing populations of Atlantic cod ( Gadus 
morhua). Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 62:811-823. 
Pardo, S. A., A. B. Cooper, and N. K. Dulvy. 
2013. Avoiding fishy growth curves. Methods Ecol. Evol. 
4:353-360. 
Parker, G. A. 
1992. The evolution of sexual size dimorphism in fish. J. 
Fish Biol. 41(sB):l-20. 
Reznick, D. N., and C. K. Ghalambor. 
2005. Can commercial fishing cause evolution? Answers 
from guppies (Poecilia reticulata). Can. J. Fish. Aquat. 
Sci. 62:791-801. 
Reznick, D. N., H. Bryga, and J. A. Endler. 
1990. Experimentally induced life-history evolution in a 
natural population. Nature 346:357-359. 
Ricker, W. E. 
1981. Changes in the average size and age of Pacific salm¬ 
on. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 38:1636-1656. 
Roff, D. A. 
1992. The evolution of life histories: theory and analysis, 
548 p. Chapman & Hall, New York. 
Sharpe, D. M. T., and A. P. Hendry. 
2009. Life history change in commercially exploited fish 
stocks: an analysis of trends across studies. Evol. Appl. 
2:260-275. 
Sheridan, J. A., and D. Bickford. 
2011. Shrinking body size as an ecological response to cli¬ 
mate change. Nat. Clim. Chang. 1:401-406. 
Shill, N.-T., K.-C. Hsu, and I.-H. Ni. 
2011. Age, growth and reproduction of cutlassfishes Trichi¬ 
urus spp. in the southern East China Sea. J. Appl. Ich- 
thyol. 27:1307-1315. 
Southwood, T. R. E. 
1977. Habitat, the template for ecological strategies? J. 
Anim. Ecol. 46:337-365. 
Stearns, S. C. 
1992. The evolution of life histories, 249 p. Oxford Univ. 
Press, Oxford, UK. 
Stearns, S. C., and J. C. Koella. 
1986. The evolution of phenotypic plasticity in life-history 
traits: predictions of reaction norms for age and size at 
maturity. Evolution 40:893-913. 
Tzeng, C.-H , T.-Y. Chiu, C.-S. Chen, H.-Y. Wang, and T.-S. 
Chiu. 
2016. The current population structure of the demersal 
hairtail ( Trichiurus japonicus) in the western North Pa¬ 
cific was shaped by the Taiwan Strait, as revealed by 
mitochondrial DNA. Taiwania 61:279-287. 
Uusi-Heikkila, S., A. Kuparinen, C. Wolter, T. Meinelt, A. C. 
O’Toole, and R. Arlinghaus. 
2011. Experimental assessment of the probabilistic matu¬ 
ration reaction norm: condition matters. Proc. R. Soc., 
B. 278:709-717. 
Vainikka, A., F. Mollet, M. Casini, and A. Gardmark. 
2009. Spatial variation in growth, condition and matura¬ 
tion reaction norms of the Baltic herring Clupea haren- 
gus membras. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 383:285-294. 
von Bertalanffy, L. 
1938. A quantitative theory of organic growth (inquiries on 
growth laws II). Hum. Biol. 10:181-213. 
Wang, H.-Y, and T. O. Hook. 
2009. Eco-genetic model to explore fishing-induced ecologi¬ 
cal and evolutionary effects on growth and maturation 
schedules. Evol. Appl. 2:438-455. 
Wang, H.-Y, T. O. Hook, M. P. Ebener, L. C. Mohr, and P. J. 
Schneeberger. 
2008. Spatial and temporal variation of maturation sched¬ 
ules of lake whitefish ( Coregonus clupeaformis) in the 
Great Lakes. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 65:2157-2169. 
Wang, H.-Y, L. W. Botsford, J. W. White, M. J. Fogarty, F. 
Juanes, A. Hastings, M. D. Holland, and K. Brander. 
2014. Effects of temperature on life history set the sensitiv¬ 
ity to fishing in Atlantic cod Gadus morhua. Mar. Ecol. 
Prog. Ser. 514:217-229. 
Wang, H.-Y, C. A. Dong, and H.-C. Lin. 
2017. DNA barcoding of fisheries catch to reveal composi¬ 
tion and distribution of cutlassfishes along the Taiwan 
coast. Fish. Res. 187:103-109. 
Wright, P. J., C. P. Millar, and F. M. Gibb. 
2011. Intrastock differences in maturation schedules 
of Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 
68:1918-1927. 
Zhou, S., S. Yin, J. T. Thorson, A. D. M. Smith, and M. Fuller. 
2012. Linking fishing mortality reference points to life his¬ 
tory traits: an empirical study. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 
69:1292-1301. 
