68 
Fishery Bulletin 116(1) 
Cavalli-Sforza, L. L, and A. W. F. Edwards. 
1967. Phylogenetic analysis: models and estimation proce¬ 
dures. Evolution 21:550-570. 
Crawford, N. G. 
2010. SMOGD: software for the measurement of genetic 
diversity. Mol. Ecol. Resour. 10:556-557. 
Carr, S. M., and H. D. Marshall. 
2008. Phylogeographic analysis of complete mtDNA ge¬ 
nomes from Walleye Pollock ( Gadus chalcogrammus Pal¬ 
las, 1811) shows an ancient origin of genetic biodiversity. 
DNA Sequence 19:490-496. 
Carr, S. M., D. S. Kivlichan, P. Pepin, and D. C. Crutcher. 
1999. Molecular systematics of gadid fishes: implications 
for the biogeographic origins of Pacific species. Can. J. 
Zool. 77:19-26. 
Cohen, D. M. (ed.). 
1989. Papers on the systematics of gadiform fishes. Nat. 
Hist. Mus. Los Ang. Cty., Sci. Ser. 32, 262 p. 
Cohen, D. M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto, and N. Scialabba. 
1990. FAO species catalogue, vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of 
the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illus¬ 
trated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other 
gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis 
125, 442 p. FAO, Rome. 
Copeman, L. A., B. J. Laurel, K. M. Boswell, A. L. Sremba, 
K. Klinck, R. A. Heintz, J. Vollenweider, T. E. Helser, and 
M. L. Spencer. 
2016. Ontogenetic and spatial variability in trophic bio¬ 
markers of juvenile saffron cod ( Eleginus gracilis) from 
the Beaufort, Chukchi and Bering Seas. Polar Biol. 
39:1109-1126. 
Coulson, M. W., H. D. Marshall, P. Pepin, and S. M. Carr. 
2006. Mitochondrial genomics of gadine fishes: impli¬ 
cations for taxonomy and biogeographic origins from 
whole-genome data sets. Genome 49:1115-1130. 
DeWoody, J. A., and J. C. Avise. 
2000. Microsatellite variation in marine, freshwater and 
anadromous fishes compared with other animals. J. 
Fish Biol. 56:461-473. 
Don, R. H., P. T. Cox, B. J. Wainwright, K. Baker, and J. S. 
Mattick. 
1991. ‘Touchdown’ PCR to circumvent spurious priming 
during gene amplification. Nucleic Acids Res. 19:4008. 
Felsenstein, J. 
2005. PHYLIP (Phylogeny Inference Package), vers. 3.6. 
Dep. Genome Sci., Univ. Washington, Seattle, WA. 
[Available from website.] 
Gharrett, A. J., A. P. Matala, E. L. Peterson, A. K. Gray, and 
Z. Li. 
2005. Two genetically distinct forms of rougheye rockfish 
are different species. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 134:242- 
260. 
Harpending, H. C, M. A. Batzer, M. Gurven, L. B. Jorde, A. R. 
Rogers, and S. T. Sherry. 
1998. Genetic traces of ancient demography. Proc. Natl. 
Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95:1961-1967. 
Hedrick, P. W. 
2005. A standardized genetic differentiation mea¬ 
sure. Evolution 59:1633-1638. 
Kamin, L. M., K. J. Palof, J. Heifetz, and A. J. Gharrett. 
2014. Interannual and spatial variation in the population 
genetic composition of young-of-the-year Pacific ocean 
perch ( Sehastes alutus) in the Gulf of Alaska. Fish. 
Oceanogr. 23:1-17. 
Koressaar, T., and M. Remm. 
2007. Enhancements and modifications of primer design 
program PrimerS. Bioinformatics 23:1289-1291. 
Mecklenburg, C. W., T. A. Mecklenburg, B. A. Sheiko, and D. 
Steinke. 
2016. Pacific Arctic marine fishes, 375 p. Conservation 
of Arctic Flora and Fauna, Akureyri, Iceland. 
Piry, S., A. Alapetite, J.-M. Cornuet, D. Paetkau, L. Baudouin, 
and A. Estoup. 
2004. GENECLASS2: A software for genetic assign¬ 
ment and first-generation migrant detection. J. Hered. 
95:536-539. 
Rannala, B., and J. L. Mountain. 
1997. Detecting immigration by using multilocus geno¬ 
types. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94:9197-9201. 
Rice, W. R. 
1989. Analyzing tables of statistical tests. Evolution 
43:223-225. 
Roa-Varon, A., and G. Orti. 
2009. Phylogenetic relationships among families of 
Gadiformes (Teleostei, Paracanthopterygii) based on 
nuclear and mitochondrial data. Mol. Phylogen. Evol. 
52:688-704. 
Rousset, F. 
2008. GENEPOP'007: a complete re-implementation of 
the GENEPOP software for Windows and Linux. Mol. 
Ecol. Resour. 8:103-106. 
Schultz, L. P., and A. D. Welander. 
1935. A review of the cods of the northeastern Pacific with 
comparative notes on related species. Copeia 1935:127- 
139. 
Seutin, G., B. N. White, and P. T. Boag. 
1991. Preservation of avian blood and tissue samples for 
DNA analysis. Can. J. Zool. 69:82-90. 
Stoutamore, J. L., C. N. Love, S. L. Lance, K. L. Jones, and 
D. Tallmon. 
2012. Development of polymorphic microsatellite mark¬ 
ers for blue king crab (Paralithodes platypus). Conserv. 
Genet. Resour. 4:897-899. 
Svetovidov, A. N. 
1948. Gadiformes (Treskoobraznye). Fauna of the U.S.S.R., 
vol. 9, no. 4, 304 p. Israel Program Sci. Transl., Jeru¬ 
salem, Israel. 
Teletchea, F. 
2009. Molecular identification methods of fish species: 
reassessment and possible applications. Rev. Fish Biol. 
Fish. 19:265-293. 
Teletchea, F., V. Laudet, and C. Hannia. 
2006. Phylogeny of the Gadidae (sensu Svetovidov, 1948) 
based on their morphology and two mitochondrial genes. 
Mol. Phylogen. Evol. 38:189-199. 
Untergasser, A., I. Cutcutache, T. Koressaar, J. Ye, B. C. Fair- 
cloth, M. Remm, and S. G. Rozen. 
2012. PrimerS—new capabilities and interfaces. Nucleic 
Acids Res. 40:ell5. 
Wolotira, R. J., Jr. 
1985. Saffron cod (Eleginus gracilis) in western Alaska, 
the resource and its potential. NOAA Tech. Memo. 
NMFS F/NWC-79, 119 p. 
