10 
The Genera and Species of Mallophaga 
extravagances as seemed likely to make this work most useful for 
reference, and who has at all times willingly given me the benefit of 
his wide experience, I owe a special debt of gratitude; and a word of 
thanks is also due to that efficient institution, the Cambridge University 
Press, for its patience with my experiments, and the way in which it 
has lightened the task of seeing a somewhat intricate publication 
through the hands of its printers. Finally I have to thank the Royal 
Commissioners of the Exhibition of 1851, since the production of this 
publication has been rendered possible by my coming to England as 
holder of a research scholarship from them. 
II. 
Species of Mallophaga included in the genera 
Pediculus Linn., Ricinus Degeer, and Nirmus Hermann. 
The three genera named above must be treated as equivalent, 
inasmuch as each included all Mallophaga. Where no genus is 
mentioned in the following list, Pediculus must be understood. The 
names Ricinus and Nirmus are included after the name for such species 
as were originally described in these genera. Considerations of space 
have prevented any detailed argument on the synonymy introduced, 
which rests upon my personal judgment after a due examination of 
all the original sources of information available. Doubtless later 
critical work will alter some of my decisions, but I hope that they will, 
in the main, prove well founded. 
The name appearing in brackets at the end of each reference to a 
species is that which is carried over to the main List of Species. If 
that name appear in Roman type, it is to be looked upon as a valid 
species; if in italics, as either a synonym, or a name to be discarded. 
My practice in dealing with certain homonyms may not be quite clear 
to the reader, so I will illustrate it by an example. Ricinus lari Degeer, 
1778, is a synonym of Pediculus querquedulae Linn., which is, in the 
modern classification, a Trinoton. Pediculus lari O. Fabr., 1780, is a 
Philopterus, and consequently a homonym of lari Degeer, by which it 
is invalidated. Philopterus lari O. Fabr. appears nevertheless in the 
List of Species under the genus Philopterus, in italics as an invalid 
name*; and is held to invalidate any subsequent use of the specific 
name lari in the genus Philopterus. 
adustus. Nirmus. Olfers, De vegetativis etc., 1816, p. 87 = 
Pediculus ( Philopterus) corvi Linn. 
(Philopterus adustus Olf.) 
